anatomy chap 1 ( basic vocab + label body parts)

Question 1

Anatomy = ?
Physiology = ?

Answer 1

*Form
*Function

Question 2

Microscopic Anatomy?
* cytology
*histology

Answer 2

study of body structure not visible to the eye
cytology = cells
histology = tissue

Question 3

Complementarity (relationship) of structure & function?

Answer 3

STRUCTURE DICTATES FUNCTION

Question 4

4 macromolecules?
+ list level of structural organization

Answer 4

1. lipids 2. nucleic acid 3. protein 4. carbs

Levels: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ system, organism

Question 5

4 basic types of tissue?

Answer 5

epithelium, connective, muscle nervous

Question 6

How many organ systems? List them.

Answer 6

12
Digestive, Muscular, Integumentary (skin), Lymphatic, Endocrine, Nervous, Skeletal, Male Reproductive, Female Reproductive, Respiratory, Urinary, Circulatory

Question 7

Function & Organs of the Integumentary System?

Answer 7

Function: protection & sensation
Organs: skin, hair, nails

Question 8

Function & Organs of the Skeletal System?

Answer 8

Function: Movement & protection of internal organs
Organs: bones, cartilages, & ligaments

Question 9

Function & Organs of the Muscular System?

Answer 9

Function: Movement & Stability
Organs: Skeletal Muscles

Question 10

Function & Organs of Nervous System?

Answer 10

Function: Rapid communication, sensation, information processing

Organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia

Question 11

Function & Organs of the Endocrine System?

Answer 11

Function: Hormone production

Organs: Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands,
thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries

Question 12

Function & organs of the Circulatory System?

Answer 12

Function: Distribution of chemicals
and immune cells throughout the body. Also controls temperature regulation, pH & water balance

Organs: Heart, arteries, veins

Question 13

Function & Organs of Lymphatic System?

Answer 13

Function: Defense against pathogens and disease, production of immune
cells

Organs: Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils

Question 14

Function & Organs of Respiratory system

Answer 14

Function: Gas exchange – absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide.

Organs: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 15

Function & Organs of the Digestive System?

Answer 15

Function: nutrient breakdown and absorption + the disposal of toxins and cleaning of blood.

Organs: Stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus

Question 16

Function & Organs of Urinary System?

Answer 16

Function: Elimination of waste; regulation of blood volume and content

Organs: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 17

Function & Organs of Male + Female Reproductive System.

Answer 17

Function:
Male – production and delivery of sperm;
Female – production of eggs; fertilization and fetal development; birth; lactation
Both – sex hormone secretion

Organs:
o Male – testes, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis
Female – ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary gland

Question 18

Digestion + Metabolism (catabolism & anabolism)

Answer 18

Digestion: the process of breaking down consumed material for absorption

Metabolism: all chemical reactions that occur in body cells

*catabolism - complex structures into simpler substances
*anabolism - using nutrients & oxygen to make ATP

Question 19

Negative Feedback

Answer 19

shuts off or reduces the original effect of the stimulus
ex: regulating body temperature

Question 20

Positive Feedback

Answer 20

response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus accelerating the
response
ex: amplification of labor contractions

Question 21

Describe Anatomical Position

Answer 21

o Body erect
o Feet slightly apart
o Palms facing forward
right = left
left = right

Question 22

Upper Limb 1
Antebrachial = ?
Cubital = ?
Brachial= ?

Answer 22

Antebrachial (forearm)
Cubital (elbow)
Brachial (arm)

Question 23

Upper Limb 2
Axillary = ?
Acromial = ?
Carpal = ?
Palmar = ?

Answer 23

Axillary (armpit)
Acromial (shoulder)
Carpal = wrist
Palmar (palm)

Question 24

Lower Limb 1
Coxal= ?
Patellar = ?
Femoral = ?

Answer 24

Coxal (hip)
Patellar (knee)
Femoral (thigh)

Question 25

Lower Limb 2 Crural = ? Tarsal = ? Pedal = ?

Answer 25

Crural (leg) Tarsal (ankle) Pedal (foot)

Question 26

Cephalic = ? Cranial = ? Facial = ?

Answer 26

Cephalic (head) Cranial (top half of head) Facial (face)

Question 27

Cervical = ? Thoracic = ? Sternal = ? Pectoral = ?

Answer 27

Cervical (neck) Thoracic (chest) Sternal (sternum) Pectoral (pecs)

Question 28

Abdominal: Umbilical = ? Inguinal = ? Pubic = ?

Answer 28

Umbilical (naval) Inguinal (groin) Pubic (pubic area)

Question 29

*Posterior View* Nuchal = ? Inter-scapular? Scapular = ? Vertebral = ?

Answer 29

Nuchal = back of neck Inter-scapular = before shoulder blades Scapular = shoulder blades Vertebral spinal column

Question 30

*Posterior View* Lumbar = ? Sacral = ? Gluteal = ? Perineal = ?

Answer 30

Lumbar = lower spine area Sacral = around base of spine Gluteal= butt Perineal = butth0le

Question 31

*Posterior View* - Lower Limb Popliteal = ? Calcaneal = ?

Answer 31

Popliteal = back of knee Calcaneal = heel