Anatomy Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Studies the form and structure of the body

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Examines how the body functions

Question 3

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 3

Examines structures that cannot be observed by unaided eye

Question 4

Cytology

Answer 4

The study of body cells and their internal structure

Question 5

Histology

Answer 5

The study of tissues

Question 6

Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy

Answer 6

Investigates structures visible to the unaided eye

Question 7

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 7

Studies the anatomy of each body system

Question 8

Regional Anatomy

Answer 8

Examines the structures in a body region

Question 9

Surface Anatomy

Answer 9

Focuses on superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures

Question 10

Comparative Anatomy

Answer 10

Examines anatomical similarities and differences in different species

Question 11

Embryology

Answer 11

Studies developmental changes from conception to birth

Question 12

Pathophysiology

Answer 12

Focuses on the function of a body system during disease or injury to the system

Question 13

Organization

Answer 13

All organisms complete a complex structure and order

Question 14

Metabolism

Answer 14

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body

Question 15

Anabolism

Answer 15

small molecules joined to form larger ones

Question 16

Catabolism

Answer 16

Large molecules broken down into smaller ones

Question 17

Anatomic Position

Answer 17

• upright
• feet parallel and flat
• upper limbs at side
• palms face forward
• head is level
• Eyes forward

Question 18

Coronal (frontal)

Answer 18

vertical plane dividing the body into posterior (back) and anterior (front)

Question 19

Transverse (cross-sectional)

Answer 19

Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)

Question 20

Midsagittal

Answer 20

Vertical plane dividing the body into equal left and right halves

Question 21

Sagittal

Answer 21

Parallel to midsagittal; divides structure into unequal left and right portions

Question 22

Oblique

Answer 22

passes through the structure at an angle

Question 23

Axial Region

Answer 23

• head, neck, trunk

- forms the main vertical axis of the body

Question 24

Appendicular Region

Answer 24

Upper and lower limbs

Question 25

Posterior Aspect

Answer 25

enclosed in bone

Question 26

Cranial Cavity

Answer 26

formed by bones of the cranium and hoses the brain

Question 27

Vertebral Canal

Answer 27

Formed by the bones of the vertebral column and houses the spinal cord

Question 28

Ventral Cavity

Answer 28

- larger - anteriorly placed - subdivisions are lined with serous membrane

Question 29

Parietal layer

Answer 29

lines internal surface of body wall

Question 30

Visceral Layer

Answer 30

Covers external surface of organs

Question 31

Serous cavity

Answer 31

space between membranes

Question 32

serous fluid

Answer 32

- liquid secreted by cells in serous membrane - lubricant - reduces friction caused by movement of organs against body wall

Question 33

mediastinum

Answer 33

median space in the thoracic cavity | heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, etc

Question 34

Pericardium

Answer 34

layered serous membrane

Question 35

Parietal pericardium

Answer 35

outer layer, which forms the sac around the heart

Question 36

Visceral pericardium

Answer 36

forms the hearts external surface

Question 37

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 37

space between parietal and visceral layers containing serous fluid

Question 38

Pleura

Answer 38

two-layered serous membrane associated with lungs

Question 39

Parietal Pleura

Answer 39

outer layer lines internal surface of thoracic walls

Question 40

Visceral Pleura

Answer 40

inner layer covers external surface of lungs

Question 41

Pleural Cavity

Answer 41

space between parietal and visceral layers containing serous fluid

Question 42

Abdominal cavity

Answer 42

- superior area | - contains most of the digestive system organs, kidneys, and most of the ureters

Question 43

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 43

- inferior area, between hip bones | - contains distal part of large intestine, remainder of ureters and urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs

Question 44

Peritoneum

Answer 44

two-layered serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 45

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 45

outer layer, which lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 46

Visceral peritonium

Answer 46

Inner layer, which covers the external surface of most abdominal and pelvic organs

Question 47

Perioneal Cavity

Answer 47

Potential space between parietal and visceral layers containing serous fluid

Question 48

Umbilical region

Answer 48

middle region

Question 49

epigastric region

Answer 49

superior to umbilical

Question 50

hypogastric region

Answer 50

inferior to umbilical

Question 51

right and left hypochondriac regions

Answer 51

lateral to epigastric region

Question 52

right and left lumbar regions

Answer 52

lateral to umbilical

Question 53

right and left iliac regions

Answer 53

lateral to hypogastric

Question 54

Receptor

Answer 54

detects changes in a variable | - stimulus: change in temp sensed by skin)

Question 55

Control Center

Answer 55

interprets input from receptor and initiates changes through effector

Question 56

Effector

Answer 56

the structure that brings about changes to alter the stimulus

Question 57

Negative Feedback

Answer 57

- controls most processes in the body | - resulting action is in the opposite direction of the stimulus (ex. temperature regulation)

Question 58

Positive Feedback

Answer 58

- occurs less frequently - stimulus reinforced to continue moving variable in same direction until a climactic event occurs, then body returns to homeostasis (ex. breastfeeding blood clotting, labor)