Anatomy Chapter 1 and 2

Question 1

What is RNA?

Answer 1

Carries out protein synthesis. Single stranded. Ribose

Question 2

What is DNA?

Answer 2

Houses genetic material, the blueprint. Double stranded. Dioxyribose

Question 3

What is ATP?

Answer 3

Adenosine Triphosphate. Created from combining or breaking down molecules.

Question 4

What are enzymes?

Answer 4

Biological catalyst. Increases the body’s chemical reactions a million fold. (-ase suffix)

Question 5

What are Polar molecules?

Answer 5

Molecules that unevenly share electrons and have a charge.

Question 6

What are non-polar molecules?

Answer 6

Molecules that share electron evenly and have no charge.

Question 7

What is a molecule?

Answer 7

One or more atom of the same element.

Question 8

What is a compound?

Answer 8

Atoms from at least two different elements.

Question 9

What is a cation ion?

Answer 9

Positive charge. Due to less electrons

Question 10

What is an anion ion?

Answer 10

Negative charge due to more electrons

Question 11

Inorganic

Answer 11

Simple and small, includes water, salt, acids and bases

Question 12

Organic

Answer 12

Large covalent molecules, contain carbon. Include proteins, carbs and lipids.

Question 13

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 13

Water is removed from molecule to combine monomers

Question 14

Hydrolysis

Answer 14

Water is added to molecules to combine monomers

Question 15

Atomic Number

Answer 15

Number of protons in an element, will not change

Question 16

Atomic Weight

Answer 16

Approximately equal to the element’s most abundant isotope

Question 17

Mass Number

Answer 17

Add the protons and electron’s of an element

Question 18

Ion

Answer 18

Atom lost or gained an electron

Question 19

Proton

Answer 19

Positively charged, close to the nucleus of an atom

Question 20

Neutron

Answer 20

Neutral, Uncharged

Question 21

Electron

Answer 21

Negatively Charged, aound the outside of the atom

Question 22

Proteins

Answer 22

Account for half of the body’s organic mass. Built from building blocks called amino acids.

Question 23

Saturated Fats

Answer 23

Single covalent bonds. Straight chains. Exist as a solid at room temperature

Question 24

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 24

One or more covalent bonds. Kink in the chain. Exist in a liquid form at room temperatures. “Oils”

Question 25

Ionic Bond

Answer 25

form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. Allows the atom to achieve stability in the valence shell. Positive and negative charges hold the atoms together.

Question 26

Covalent Bonds

Answer 26

become stable through shared electrons. Single covalent share one pair of electrons. Double share two pairs of electrons. Polar (not equally shared) and non polar covalent bonds

Question 27

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 27

are are extremely weak bonds. Important for forming intramolecular bonds such as protein structures. Responsible for water tension.

Question 28

PH

Answer 28

-measure the number of protons in a solution. Measures concentration of hydrogen ions in body fluids. Scale is 0 (acidic) to 14(basic).

Question 29

Electrolytes

Answer 29

Ions that can conduct electrical currents. (Salt) Acids are also elctrolytes.

Question 30

Synthesis Reaction

Answer 30

Two or more elements to combine to create a different compound or element. (H2O)

Question 31

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 31

Energy is released when breaking down molecules. (Digestion)

Question 32

Exchange Reactions

Answer 32

Simultaneous Synthesis and Decomposition

Question 33

Matter

Answer 33

Anything that has mass or takes up space

Question 34

Oxygen

Answer 34

O

Question 35

Carbon

Answer 35

C

Question 36

Hydrogen

Answer 36

H

Question 37

Nitrogen

Answer 37

N

Question 38

Calcium

Answer 38

Ca

Question 39

Phosphorus

Answer 39

P

Question 40

Potassium

Answer 40

K

Question 41

Sulfur

Answer 41

S

Question 42

Sodium

Answer 42

Na

Question 43

Chlorine

Answer 43

Cl

Question 44

Magnesium

Answer 44

Mg

Question 45

Survival needs?

Answer 45

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Body Temp, Atmospheric Pressure

Question 46

Frontal Plane

Answer 46

Split front to back

Question 47

Transverse Plane

Answer 47

Split top to bottom

Question 48

Sagittal Plane

Answer 48

Split in the middle

Question 49

Distal

Answer 49

Farther away from limb's origin

Question 50

Proximal

Answer 50

Closer to limb's origin

Question 51

Medial

Answer 51

Closer to the center of the body

Question 52

Lateral

Answer 52

Closer to the outside of the body

Question 53

Superior

Answer 53

Above

Question 54

Inferior

Answer 54

Below

Question 55

Deep

Answer 55

Closer to the inside of the body

Question 56

Superficial

Answer 56

Closer to the skin's surface

Question 57

Anterior

Answer 57

Front

Question 58

Posterior

Answer 58

Back

Question 59

Anatomical Position

Answer 59

Standing erect, feet shoulder width, arms out, palms facing forward

Question 60

Water body percentage

Answer 60

60-80%

Question 61

Homeostasis

Answer 61

the process which the body uses to stay within it's survivable parameters

Question 62

Three parts of homeostasis

Answer 62

Recepter, Control, Effect

Question 63

Receptor

Answer 63

Recognizes the stimuli and sends the report to the control center

Question 64

Control Center

Answer 64

Analyzes the data and determines the response

Question 65

Effect

Answer 65

Responds to the stimulus "turns down the thermostat"

Question 66

Negative Effect Homeostasis

Answer 66

Responds by mitigating or turning down the thermostat

Question 67

Positive effect Homeostasis

Answer 67

Very rare, occurs during pregnancy. Increases the stimuli's reaction

Question 68

Respiratory System Actions

Answer 68

Supplies oxygen and removes CO2

Question 69

Digestive System Actions

Answer 69

Breaks down food and processes nutrients, gets rid of waste product

Question 70

Urinary System Actions

Answer 70

Eliminates waste, maintains blood pressure by pulling in or releasing water in the blood stream, maintains acid base

Question 71

Lymphatic System Actions

Answer 71

Filters bad stuff from your body, helps maintain blood volume

Question 72

Nervous System Actions

Answer 72

Fast acting control system, sends info out

Question 73

Endocrine System Actions

Answer 73

Slow acting control system, reacts by releasing hormones into the blood stream

Question 74

Cardiovascular System Actions

Answer 74

Transports oxygen and CO2

Question 75

Muscular System Actions

Answer 75

Provides thermogenic properties, "moves" the body

Question 76

Skeletal System Actions

Answer 76

Provides structure, protects organs, site for blood cell formation

Question 77

Integument System Actions

Answer 77

Provides protection and a barrier against pathogens, excrements waste, helps regulate body temperature, produces vitamin D

Question 78

Reproductive

Answer 78

Procreation of the species