Anatomy Chapter 11.1 (Respiratory) Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
- Ensure oxygen is brought to the body and is available for the cells that need it
- CO2 can be removed from body and cell
What are the stages of respiration?
- Breathing
- External respiration
- Internal respiration
- Cellular respiration
What is the first stage of respiration?
Inspiration (air into lungs) and expiration (air in lungs to outside the body)
What is the second stage of respiration?
External respiration - exchange of oxygen and CO2 between air in lungs and blood
What is gas exchange?
Delivery of oxygen from lungs to the blood and elimination of CO2 from lungs to blood
What is the third stage of respiration?
Internal respiration - exchange of oxygen and CO2 between blood and body’s tissue
What is the fourth stage of respiration?
Cellular respiration - energy releasing reaction that occur int he cell
What are the two requirements for respiration?
- Respiratory surface must be large enough for oxygen and CO2 exchange to quickly provide for the body’s needs
- Must take place in a moist environment so oxygen and CO2 are dissolved in water
How to increase the efficiency of respiration?
Ventilation
What is ventilation?
Process of moving oxygen containing water/air over respiratory surface
How does the outer skin work as a respiratory surface?
- Oxygen diffuses into thin wall capillaries below the skin, CO2 diffuses out
- Animals: high ratio of respiratory surface to body volume
How do gills work as a respiratory surface?
- Increase surface area through which gas is exchanged
- Oxygen from water diffuses across gill into capillaries, CO2 diffuses out
What is the tracheal system?
Internal system of branching respiratory tubes called tracheae
How does the tracheal system work as a respiratory surface?
- Oxygen diffuses into the tracheae, CO2 diffuses out of body in the opposite direction
How to lungs work as a respiratory surface?
- Folds in lining of lungs increase surface area for diffusion
- Oxygen diffuses into capillaries, CO2 diffuses out in opposite direction
Gas exchange through gills?
Water flows across gills, dissolved oxygen gas in water diffuses into blood circulating through surrounding capillaries, CO2 diffuses from blood, across gill tissue water come out when gills open
What is diffusion gradient?
Oxygen molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration
How does the brain influence the mechanics of breathing on land?
Respiratory control centre to:
- Co-ordinate breathing movements
- Regulate breathing rate
- Monitors the volume of air in the lungs/gas levels in blood
What controls the air pressure inside the lungs?
Muscular diaphragm and rib muscles
What is the diaphragm?
Layer of muscle that separates the region of the lungs (thoracic cavity) from the stomach/liver (abdominal cavity)
What is the intercostal muscles?
Rib muscles
How does inhalation work?
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract and diaphragm moves down to expand rib cage up and out and floor of chest cavity moves down.
What happens during inhalation?
Volume increases in the thorax
Why does is it beneficial for volume to increase during inhalation?
- Same amount of air is contained in a larger space
- Molecules of gas are further apart
- Air pressure in thoracic cavity decreases
