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ENT Patrick Stenhouse > Anatomy - Clinical Anatomy of the Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy - Clinical Anatomy of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thinnest part of the skull?

A

Pterion

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2
Q

Why is a fracture at the pterion very dangerous?

A

The middle meningeal artery is located behind it

Trauma to this artery can cause an epidural haematoma

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3
Q

The temporal bone is comprised of which two parts?

A

Squamous and petrous

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4
Q

The zygomatic process is associated with which bone?

A

Temporal

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5
Q

Which bones form the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoid
  3. Sphenoid
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6
Q

Which bones form the middle cranial fossa?

A
  1. Sphenoid
  2. Temporal
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7
Q

Which bones form the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Occipital
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8
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) enter the cranial cavity via the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Olfactory nerve

(via cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone)

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9
Q

Which cranial nerves enter the cranial cavity in the middle cranial fossa?

A
  1. CN II
  2. CN III
  3. CN IV
  4. CN V (V1, V2 and V3)
  5. CN VI
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10
Q

CN VII enters the cranial cavity via which orifice?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

(in posterior cranial fossa)

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11
Q

CN V2 enters the cranial cavity via which orifice?

A

Foramen rotundum

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12
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) enter the cranial cavity via the superior orbital fissure?

A
  1. CN III
  2. CN IV
  3. CN V1
  4. CN VI
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13
Q

CN V3 enters the cranial cavity via which orifice?

A

Foramen ovale

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14
Q

Which cranial nerves enter the cranial cavity in the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  1. CN VII
  2. CN VIII
  3. CN IX
  4. CN X
  5. CN XI
  6. CN XII
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15
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) enter the cranial cavity via the internal acoustic meatus?

A
  1. CN VII
  2. CN VIII
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16
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) enter the cranial cavity via the jugular foramen?

A
  1. CN IX
  2. CN X
  3. CN XI
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17
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) enter the cranial cavity via the hypoglossal foramen?

A

CN XII

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18
Q

By which term is the eardrum referred to?

A

Tympanic membrane

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19
Q

Which areas can lymphatics from the ear drain firstly based on their location in the auricle?

A
  1. Lateral surface of superior half - Parotid lymph nodes
  2. Cranial surface of superior half - Mastoid lymph nodes and deep cervical
  3. Rest of auricle and lobe - Superficial cervical lymph nodes
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20
Q

All lymphatic drainage from the auricle will eventually follow which path?

A
  1. Deep cervical lymph nodes
  2. Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
  3. Venous angle
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21
Q

What is the name given to the thinnest aspect of the tympanic membrane?

A

Pars flaccida

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22
Q

What is the name given to the thickest part of the tympanic membrane?

A

Pars tensa

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23
Q

What is the name given to the most inwardly depressed area of the tympanic membrane?

A

Umbo

24
Q

What supplies general sensory supply to the external surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

CN V3

25
Q

What supplies general sensory supply to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

CN IX

26
Q

What are the bones which can be found in the middle ear?

A
  1. Malleus
  2. Incus
  3. Stapes
27
Q

What creates the umbo?

A

Handle of malleus ataches at this point pulling in the tympanic membrane

28
Q

What is the name of the opening to the internal ear?

A

Oval window

29
Q

Why can tonsillitis or pharyngitis minic ear ache?

A

They have a shared sensory supply (CN IX)

This is referred pain

30
Q

What connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx?

A

Eustachian tube

31
Q

What is the function of the Eustachian tube?

A

Equalise pressure in the nasal and middle ear cavities

32
Q

Why may mastoiditis occur during a middle ear infection?

A

The mastoid process is a (posterior) boundary to the middle ear cavity

Infection can easily spread

33
Q

How does CN VII connect to the CNS?

A

Brainstem at junction between pos and medulla

34
Q

What is the intracranial part of the course of CN VII?

A

Passes directly into internal acoustic meatus in posterior cranial fossa

35
Q

What is the temporal bone course of CN VII?

A

Through internal acoustic meatus

Enters stylomastoid foramen

36
Q

How can CN VII act on the stapedius?

A

Reduces stapes movement to protect the inner ear from excessive noise

37
Q

Which branch comes off of CN VII in the middle ear cavity?

A

Chorda tympani

38
Q

What does the chorda tympani supply?

A
  1. Taste buds of anterior 2/3rd of tongue
  2. Parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual glands
39
Q

When CN VII travels within the petrous aspect of the temporal bone, which canal does it lie within?

A

Facial

40
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve is in which two parts?

A
  1. Cochlear nerve - hearing
  2. Vestibular nerve - balance
41
Q

The otic capsule will lie within which bone?

A

Temporal

42
Q

What does the otic capsule contain?

A

Bony labyrinth

(fluid (perilymph) filled spaces inside the otic capsule)

43
Q

What 3 things are suspended within the perilymph of the bony labyrinth?

A
  1. Membranous labyrinth
  2. Communicating sacs and ducts
  3. Endolymph fluid
44
Q

How many turns is there in the cochlea?

A

2.5

45
Q

What is the apex of the cochlear spiral called?

A

Cupula

46
Q

How many canals can be found in the otic capsule?

A

3

(anterior, lateral, posterior)

47
Q

Action potentials from the semicircular ducts in the otic capsule will be conducted to the brainstem via which nerve?

A

Vestibular

48
Q

At which point do CN VII and CN VIII connect with the brainstem?

A

Junction between the pons and medulla oblongata

49
Q

Which structure can prevent dislocation at the TMJ?

A

Zycomatic process of the temporal bone

50
Q

Which canal transmits taste fibres to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue

A

Facial canal

51
Q

What innervates the palatine tonsils?

A

CN IX

52
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the Eustachian tube?

A

CN IX

53
Q

Which 4 structures pass through the jugular foramen?

A
  1. Jugular vein
  2. CN IX
  3. CN X
  4. CN XI
54
Q

Where can the opening of the internal acoustic meatus be found?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

55
Q

A Le Fort type 1 fracture is most likely to damage what?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

56
Q

What is the smallest muscle in the body?

A

Stapedius

ENT Patrick Stenhouse (27 decks)

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