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4th year > Anatomy - CN > Flashcards

Anatomy - CN Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Nuclei - medulla oblongata?

A

Sensory: spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5) + vestibular nuclei (CN8) + nucleus of solitari tract (CN7,9,10)

PS: dorsal nucleus of vagal nerve (CN10) + inferior salivatory nucleus (CN9)

Motor: nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (CN12) + nucleus ambiguus (CN9,10,11)

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2
Q

Nuclei - pons?

A

Sensory: principal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5) + vestibular nuclei (CN8) + anterior/posterior cochlear nuclei (CN8)

PS: superior salivatory nucleus (CN7)

Motor: motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5) + nucleus of abducens nerve (CN9) + nucleus of facial nerve (CN7)

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3
Q

Nuclei - mesencephalon?

A

Sensory: mesenchepalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5)

PS: accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve (CN3) (Edinger-Westphal)

Motor: motor nucleus of oculomotor nerve (CN3) + motor nucleus of trochlear nerve (CN4)

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4
Q

Which CN arise from which sulci in medulla oblongata?

A

Sulcus anterolateralis: CN12

Sulcus posterolateralis: CN9,10,11

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5
Q

Which nuclei arise from which sulcus/part of pons?

A

Lateral part of pons: CN5

Sulcus bulbopontinus: CN6,7,8

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6
Q

Which nuclei arise from which parts of mesencephalon?

A

Fossa interpeduncularis - between crura cerebri:
CN3

Fossa interpeduncularis - below crura cerebri: CN4

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7
Q

With which tract is dopamine associated?

A

Substantia nigra –> Striatum (pallidum) = Nigrostriatal tract

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8
Q

Pupillary light reflex is associated with which nucleus?

A

PS: accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve (CN3) (Edinger-Westphal)

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9
Q

What are the relations of thalamus?

A

Under thalamus: brainstem
Above thalamus: fornix + cerebral hemispheres
Separates thalamus: hypothalamic sulcus
Anterior end: tubercle
posterior end: pulvinar
two thalami connected by: interthalamic adhesion

Lateral surface:
Superolateral to thalamus - caudate nucleus

Superior surface:
stria terminalis + thalamostriate vein
taenia thalami + stria medullaris thalami
lamina afixa

Medial surface:
3rd ventricle + interthalamic adhesion
hypothalamic sulcus

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10
Q

Connection of ventral anterior/lateral nucleus?

A

Precentral gyrus = motoric nucleus

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11
Q

Connection of ventral posterolateral/posteromedial nucleus?

A

postcentral gyrus = sensory nucleus

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12
Q

Connections of medial thalamic nuclei?

A

afferents: frontal lobe + cingulate gyrus

efferents: thalamic nuclei + hypothalamus + globus pallidus

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13
Q

Connections of dorsal thalamic nuclei?

A

afferents: other thalamic nuclei

efferents: parietal/temporal/occipital lobes

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14
Q

functions of lateral geniculate body of metathalamus?

A

visual centre - occipital cortex

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15
Q

functions of medial geniculate body of metathalamus?

A

auditory centre - transverse temporal gyri

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16
Q

connections of habenular nuclei of epithalamus?

A

afferent: olfactory impulses

efferent: salivatory nuclei + cranial nerve nuclei + reticular formation

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17
Q

functions of anterior hypothalamic nuclei?

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei - production of oxytocin + ADH

preoptic nucleus - regulation of body temperature + blood pressure

suprachiasmatic nucleus - circadian rhythm + wake cycle + body temperature + blood pressure

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18
Q

names of nuclei and functions of intermediate hypothalamic nuclei?

A

tuberal nuclei + ventromedial/dorsomedial nuclei + nucleus arcuatus

functions: control secretion of adenohypophysis + regulation of food intake (appetite)

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19
Q

What do different commisural fibres of corpus callosum connect with?

A

rostrum: cortex –> frontal lobes (inferior surfaces)

genu: cortex –> frontal lobes (superolateral surfaces)

trunk: parietal cortex –> temporal cortex

splenium: occipital cortex –> occipital cortex

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20
Q

name the different parts of vertebral artery and what do they supply?

A
  1. prevertebral part
  2. cervical part: spinal branches + muscular branches
  3. atlantic part
  4. intracranial part: meningeal branches + inferior posterior cerebellar artery + posterior spinal arteries + anterior spinal artery + medial/lateral medullary branches
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21
Q

superior sagittal sinus - location and from where is blood received?

A

location: superior margin of falx cerebri

receives: cerebral veins + falx cerebri + diploic veins + emissary veins

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22
Q

inferior sagittal sinus - location and from where is blood received?

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A

location: inferior margin of falx cerebri

receives: cerebral veins + falx cerebri

23
Q

from where does straight sinus receive blood from?

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A

inferior sagittal sinus + great cerebral vein + posterior cerebral veins + superior cerebellar veins + falx cerebri

24
Q

confluence of sinuses - location and from where is blood received?

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A

location: internal occipital protuberance

receives: superior sagittal sinus + straight sinus + occipital sinus

25
transverse sinus - location and from where is blood received?
location: posterior/lateral parts of tentorium cerebelli receives: confluence of sinuses + superior petrosal sinus + inferior cerebral vv. + cerebellar vv. + diploic vv. + emissary vv.
26
sigmoid sinus - location and from where is blood received?
location: groove for sigmoid sinus receives: transverse sinuses + cerebral vv. + cerebellar vv. + diploic vv. + emissary vv.
27
cavernous sinus - location and from where is blood received?
location: lateral side of body sphenoid bone receives: cerebral vv. + ophthalmic vv. + sphenoparietal sinuses + emissary veins from pterygoid plexus
28
what can be seen from the superolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere?
frontal lobe - precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (orbital, triangular, opercular parts), precentral sulcus, superior/inferior frontal sulcus parietal lobe - postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobulus inferior parietal lobulus (supramarginal + angular gyri), postcentral sulcus, intraparietal sulcus occipital lobe - occipital gyrus temporal lobe - superior temporal gyrus (transverse temporal gyri), middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, superior/inferior temporal sulcus insular lobe - short/long gyri of insula
29
function of archicerebellum/vestibulocerebellum?
oldest part maintenance of balance + fine-tuning eye movement
30
function of paleocerebellum/spinocerebellum?
muscle tone + posture proprioception (current/change position of limb)
31
function of neocerebellum/pontocerebellum?
newest part coordination of more complex movements
32
difference of middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles?
cerebral cortex --> middle cerebellar peduncle --> contralateral cerebellar cortex --> dentate nucleus cerebral cortex --> inferior cerebellar peduncle --> cerebellar cortex
33
afferent tracts of archicerebellum?
direct vestibulocerebellar tract indirect vestibulocerebellar tract
34
afferent tracts of spinocerebellum?
passive proprioception: - posterior spinocerebellar tract - cuneocerebellar tract - bulbocerebellar tracts active proprioception: - anterior spinocerebellar tract - spinoolivary tract - olivocerebellar tract - nucleocerebellar tract
35
afferent tracts of neocerebellum?
corticopontine + pontocerebellar tract corticoolivary + olivocerebellar tract corticoreticular + reticulocerebellar tract
36
efferent tracts of paleocerebellum?
fastigial nuclei: - cerebellovestibular tract - cerebelloreticular tract emboliform and globose nuclei: - cerebellorubral tract dentate nuclei: - cerebellothalamic tract
37
which fissure divides anterior lobe with posterior lobe? which fissure divides posterior lobe?
primary fissure horizontal fissure
38
what does anterior cerebral artery supply?
- inferior surface of frontal lobe - medial surface of frontal/parietal lobes - small part of superolateral surface around superomedial margin of frontal/parietal lobes - thalamus, BG
39
what does middle cerebral artery supply?
- insula, internal capsule, BG - superolateral surface of frontal/parietal/temporal lobes - inferior surface of frontal/temporal lobes (uncus gyri hippocampi)
40
what does posterior cerebral artery supply?
- inferior/medial surfaces of occipital/temporal lobes - small caudal part of superolateral surface of occipital and temporal lobes - brain stem
41
what innervates dura mater?
anterior cranial fossa: V1- trigeminal nerve middle cranial fossa: V2/V3 - trigeminal nerve posterior cranial fossa: vagus nerve cervical spinal nerves (C1-C2)
42
what is the blood supply of dura mater?
anterior meningeal artery (cribriform plate) middle meningeal arteries (foramen spinosum) accessory meningeal arteries (foramen ovale) posterior meningeal artery meningeal branches of posterior cranial fossa (jugular foramen + foramen magnum)
43
what forms lentiform nucleus?
putamen + globus pallidus
44
difference of striatum and pallidum?
striatum = caudate nucleus + putamen pallidum = medial + lateral globus pallidus
45
relation of structures in horizontal section of brain - caudate nucleus + internal capsule + thalamus + lentiform nucleus + claustrum
https://www.google.com/search?q=horizontal+section+of+brain+claustrum+caudate+nucleus&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwivgLb43OmCAxX97LsIHT3OBhsQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=horizontal+section+of+brain+claustrum+caudate+nucleus&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECCMQJ1C2BljAIWDqI2gBcAB4AIABlQKIAdEUkgEGMjQuNC4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=0nNnZa_PGf3Z7_UPvZyb2AE&bih=715&biw=1440#imgrc=xP2zKeiVSQHXQM
46
pathway of CSF?
lateral ventricle --> interventricular foramen --> third ventricle --> cerebral aqueduct --> fourth ventricle --> central canal --> median/lateral apertures of fourth ventricle --> subarachnoid space --> venous system
47
relations - lateral ventricle - anterior horn?
roof: corpus callosum medial wall: septum pellucidum lateral wall: head of caudate nucleus
48
relations - lateral ventricle - central part?
roof: corpus callosum floor: thalamus medial wall: tela choroidea of lateral ventricle lateral wall: body of caudate nucleus
49
relations - lateral ventricle - inferior horn?
roof: corpus callosum medial wall: hippocampus inferior wall: collateral eminence
50
relations - lateral ventricle - posterior horn?
roof: corpus callosum medial wall: calcar avis inferior wall: collateral eminence
51
relations - 3rd ventricle?
roof: tela chroioidea of 3rd ventricle floor: hypothalamus lateral wall: thalamus + interventricular foramen anterior wall: terminal plate, columns of fornix, anterior commissure posterior wall: pineal + suprapineal recesses
52
relations - 4th ventricle?
floor: rhomboid fossa roof: cerebellar peduncles (superior,middle,inferior) + suprior/inferior medullary velum + cerebellum
53
relations of cisterns: 1. basal cistern 2. cerebellomedullary cistern
1. 3rd ventricle 2. 4th ventricle

4th year (7 decks)

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