anatomy exam 1 Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
what are the functions of the muscular system?
A
- create movement by working with bones ligaments and tendons
- move food through digestive system
- move blood through body
- provide protection
- produce heat
2
Q
skeletal muscle
A
voluntary, striated, multi-nucleated, attached to skeletal system
3
Q
smooth muscle
A
involuntary, non-striated, spindle shape, located in blood vessels and walls of digestive track
4
Q
cardiac muscle
A
Involuntary, striated, branching cells, single nucleus, walls of heart, intercalated disks
5
Q
types of movement at synovial joints
A
hyperextension, extension, flexion. dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, adduction, abduction
6
Q
Origin
A
stationary bone
7
Q
insertion
A
movable bone
8
Q
ligament
A
connects bone to bone
9
Q
tendon
A
connect muscle to bone
10
Q
frontalis muscle
A
elevates the eyebrow
11
Q
orbicularis oculi muscle
A
closes the eyelids and pumps tears from the eyes
12
Q
zygomaticus major and minor
A
controls facial expressions
13
Q
masseter muscle
A
mastication (chewing)
14
Q
orbicularis oris muscle
A
orofacial functions (swallowing, chewing, kissing, pronouncing vowels)
15
Q
Buccinator muscle
A
holds cheeks to teeth (chewing)
16
Q
sternocleidomastoid
A
tilting head and turning neck
17
Q
temporalis muscle
A
close the jaw (crushing and grinding objects between molars
18
Q
trapezius muscle
A
pull up shoulders, shrugging
19
Q
Epicranial aponeurosis
A
tough layer of dense fibrous connective tissue covering the skull
20
Q
depressor anguli oris
A
depress corner of mouth
21
Q
platysma
A
myriad of facial expression (sadness, surprise, horror)
22
Q
Risorius muscle
A
draws up the angle of the mouth
23
Q
mentalis muscle
A
stability to lower lip, allow it to pout
24
Q
corrugator supercilli muscle
A
movement of the eyebrows, including frowning
25
levator labii superious
facial expressions, movement of the mouth and upper lip
26
depressor labii inferioris
depressed and everts lower lip
27
trapezuis muscle
stabilize and move the scapula
28
levator scapulae
elevate the scapula
29
rhomboid major and minor
retract, elevate and rotate scapula
30
latissimus dorsi
adduct and rotate the arm at the shoulder joint (pullups)
31
Deltoid muscle
abduction of the arm
32
acromion process of scapula
point of attachment for the deltoid
33
infraspinatus muscle
rotate the shoulder joint and humerus
34
serratus anterior muscle
pull the scapula forward and around the thorax
35
teres major and minor
adducts the arm at the shoulder joint
36
splenius capitis
flex and rotate the head and neck
37
spenius cervicis
extends neck
38
semispinalis capitis
neck extension and pull backward
39
longissimus capitis
rotate the head from side to side, extend head
40
serratus posterior superior
elevates the ribs during respiration
41
serratus posterior inferior
depress the ribs during respiration
42
external abdominal oblique
rotate truck
43
internal abdominal oblique
flex the truck, defecation, urination, and childbirth
44
erector spinae group
iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis
45
illiocostalis lumborum
runs from the lower ribs to the ileum; depresses ribs
46
ligamentum nuchae
tendons and fascia between the posterior muscle of the neck. Covers the spine C1-C6. sustains head weight
47
mastoid process of temporal bone
allow the attachment of muscles to the head and neck such as the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the splenuis capitis muscle
48
coracoid process
a short projection from the clavicle to which the biceps brachii attaches
49
Biceps brachii
flexion and supination (outward rotation) of the forearm
50
coracobrachialis muscle
flexion and adduction of the forearm at the shoulder joint
51
radial tuberosity
insertion of the biceps brachii
52
subscapularis
internal rotation of the humerus; adduction and extension of the shoulder
53
brachialis muscle
flexes the elbow
54
triceps brachii
extension of elbow joint
55
brachioradialis
flexes the forearm at the elbow
56
extensor carpi radialis longus
help move wrist and hand
57
extensor digitorum
extends medial four digits
58
flexor carpi ulnaris
flex and adduct wrist
59
palmarus longus
flexion of the wrist joint and small joints of the hand
60
Flexor pollicis
flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb
61
abductor pollicis brevis
flex the caropmetacarpal joint of the thumb
62
oppenens pollicis
produce an opposition fo the thumb; combination flexion, adduction and rotation of the thumb
63
abductor digiti minimi
abduction and flexion of the 5th finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint, moving it away from the 4th finger
64
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
flexion of the little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint
65
lumbricalis muscles
flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joint
66
adductor pollicis
adduct the thumb
67
pectoralis major
addition and rotation of the arm
68
pectoralis minor
internal and downward rotation of the scapula
69
subclavius muscle
stabilize the clavicle during movement of the arm and shoulder
70
subscapularis muscle
rotates and adducts the humerus
71
coracobrachialis muscle
flexion and adduction of the forearm at the shoulder joint
72
serratus anterior muscle
pull the scapula forward and around the thorax
73
external intercostals
elevate ribs and expand lungs when breathing
74
internal intercostals
pull down on ribs and push air out of lungs
75
rectus abdominis
flexion of the truck
76
transverse abdominis
protects internal organs and stabilize the pelvis and spine
77
illiacus
flex and rotate femor
78
psoas major
flexion of the hip joint
79
which four muscles form the quad?
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
80
quadricep group
extend the leg at the knee joint and flex the thigh at the hip joint
81
pectineus muscle
flex and adduct the thigh at the hip joint
82
adductor longus
adduct thigh at hip joint
83
sartorius muscle
flex the knee and hip
84
tensor fasciae latae
extension and lateral rotation of the leg
85
quadriceps femoris tendon
attaches the quad to the patella bone
86
illiopsoas
flexion and external rotation of the thigh
87
gracilis muscle
flex the knee, adducts the thigh, and rotate the tibia on the femur
88
gluteus maximus
movement of the hip and thigh
89
gluteus medius
abduction of the hip joint
90
gluteus minimus
abduction of the hip joint
91
piriformis muscle
rotates and abducts femur during flexion of hip
92
superior gemellus
externally rotate hip
93
inferior gemellus
lateral rotation of thigh
94
quadratus femoris
extend the leg at the knee joint and flex the thigh at hip
95
obturator internus
external rotator of the extended thigh
96
sacrotuberous ligament
stabilize the pelvis
97
what three muscles make up the hamstring group?
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
98
grastrocnemius muscle
plantar flexion of knee joint
99
soleus muscle
plantar flexion of the leg at knee joint
100
plantaris muscle
stabilize tibia on calcaneus bone
101
calcaneal tendon
stabilize the ankle joint
102
tibialis anterior
dorsiflex foot
103
extensor digitorium longus
extend foot at ankle
104
extensor hallucis longus
flexion joints in big toe
105
fibularis brevis
everts foot
106
fibularis tertius
moves toes toward shin (dorsiflexion)
107
superior and inferior extensor retinaculum
bands of connective tissue that stabilize the tendons of the ankle
108
popliteus muscle
stabilize the knee
109
flexor digitorium longus
flexion of the foot and toes
110
tibialis posterior muscle
plantar flex the foot
111
flexor hallucis longus muscle
flex all joints of big toe
112
fibularis longus muscle
plantar flexion and eversion
113
fibularis brevis
evert foot
114
Plantar aponeurosis
support and protect underlying structures of the foot
115
abductor hallucis
abduct and flex big toe
116
abductor digiti minimi
abduct and flex little toe
117
flexor digitorum brevis
flexion of lateral 4 toe joints
118
lumbricals muscle
flex and adduct lateral 4 toes
119
quadratus plantae
flexion of the lateral 4 toes
120
flexor hallucis brevis
flexion of the big toe
121
flexor digiti minimi brevis
flexion of the little toe
122
adductor hallucis
adduction and flexion of the big toe
