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#3 > anatomy exam #3 > Flashcards

anatomy exam #3 Flashcards

0
Q

After an appendectomy patient complains of numbness on the skin over the public region. Which nerve was most likely injured?

A

Iliohypogastric

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1
Q

The inferior board of the rectus sheath posteriorly is called the?

A

arcuate line

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2
Q

If a hernia occurs lateral to the inferior epigastric artery it is considered _________ hernia, and if it occurs medial to the inferior epigastric artery, than it is considered ________ hernia.

A

indirect-lateral

direct-medial

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3
Q

During surgery the internal thoracic artery is sometimes cut near caudal end of the sternum, maintenance of adequate blood supply to the rectus abdominis may be dependent on what artery?

A

ligation of internal thoracic will decrease flow to the superior epigastric artery. the INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY communicates with the superior epigastric artery.

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4
Q

Sternal angle or angle of Louis is the level of the _______ which attach to the ___________ ribs.

A

2nd pair of costal cartilages and attach to 2nd ribs

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5
Q

The intercostal nerves arise from the __________ primary rami from _____________ and give innervation to the thoracic wall

A

Ventral primary rami T1-T11

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6
Q

Greater splenic nerve T_ to T___ travels through the diaphragm enter abd cavity to synapse at ________ ganglia of the _____ gut.

A

T5-9 synapse in celiac ganglia forgut

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7
Q

Lesser splenic nerve is T___ to T___ travels inferiorly and later to the greater its fibers synapse in the _____________ ganglia in the ______gut.

A

T9-12 superior mesenteric midgut

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8
Q

Least splenic nerve T___ to L___ synapse in the ______ ganglia.

A

T12 - L2 renal ganglia

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9
Q

The pericardiacophrenic artery is a branch of which artery and accompanies which nerve? between which two structures?

A

Internal thoracic artery accompanies phrenic nerve

between the pleura and pericardium

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10
Q

The Azygos Vein transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the ______ and ________ to the ____________ and is formed by union of the _____ with the right ________ at the level of ________ vertebra.

A

thorax and abdomen to the SVC

union of ascending lumbar veins and right subcostal at level of T12

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11
Q

The fossa ovalis is located where? and is the remnant of what structure during fetal development?

A

fetal developement- foramen ovale allowing blood to pass from right atrium to left atrium bypassing nonfunctional lungs

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12
Q

In fetal development the ductus ateriosus is a blood vessel connecting the ______ to the ________and closes to become ____________ at birth.

A

pulmonary artery to proximal descending aorta becomes

Ligamentum ateriosum

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13
Q

The transverse pericardial sinus lies anterior to the _______ and posterior to the _________

A

anterior to SVC

posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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14
Q

The oblique pericardial sinus lies posterior to ____________

A

to left atrium in the pericardial cavity

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15
Q

The ligament of Treitz also know as the _________ muscle of the ________ and where is it located?

A

suspensory muscle of duodenum connects duodenum jejunum and the duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding SMA

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16
Q

What nerves pierces through the psoas major muscle?

A

genitofemoral originates from L1-2 pierces psoas and continues downward genital branch passes through the deep inguinal ring the femoral branch passes underneath inguinal ligament

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17
Q

What are the four unpaired arteries off the aorta?

A

Celiac
SMA
IMA
Median Sacral

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18
Q

What is contained in the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

ovarian artery vein nerve and lymph vessels

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19
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of what two structures?

A

Vas Deferens and duct of seminal vesicle

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20
Q

The vas deferens runs _____ to the ureter?

A

anterior

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21
Q

The uterine artery arises from the _______ division of the __________. travels to the uterus crossing over the _________ anteriorly.

A

anterior division of the internal iliac artery and crosses over the ureter

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22
Q

The crus of the clitoris is attached to which bone and what muscle surrounds it?

A

ischium bone surrounded by ischiocavernosus muscle

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23
Q

The greater vestibular glands (bulb) secrete mucus for luberication and are located in the _________ perineal pouch while in males the bulbourethral glands are in the __________ perineal pouch.

A

female-superior perineal pouch

male- deep perineal pouch

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24
Q

What passes through the gap between the pubic symphysis and perineal membrane ?

A

dorsal vein of penis and clitoris

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25
Q

Ligament of ovary goes through the _______ ring to become the __________ of the uterus then travels through ________ ring and attaches to the ___________.

A

deep inguinal ring to become round ligament then through superficial inguinal ring and attaches to labia majoria

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26
Q

The preganglionic sympathetic fibers travel via ______________ of T____to L_____ to the sympathetic chain ganglia postganglionic sympathetic fibers via _______________ to target organs.

A

white rami communicantes of VPR of T1-L2

gray rami communicantes

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27
Q

The left vagus nerve wraps around the ________ to become the ___________ which innervates the _____________. the right wraps around________ and runs posterior to the ___________

A

aorta - recurrent laryngeal nerve, intrinsic muscles of the larynx
right wrap around R subclavian runs posterior to SVC

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28
Q

The thoracic duct drains between what two structures ? and runs between what two structures?

A

drains btw left subclavian and jugular trunk

runs btw descending aorta and azygos vein

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29
Q

What artery supplies the lungs?

A

Bronchial artery oxygenated 2 to the Left 1 to the right

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30
Q

The glans of the penis is a continuation of what structure? what is the function of this structure?

A

corpus spongiosum – prevents closure of urthera during erection to keep as a viable channel for ejaculation

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31
Q

Where will testicular cancer spread? where will scrotal cancer spread?

A

Testicular- Aorta

Scrotal- pudendal artery

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32
Q

What is the name of the pouch between the bladder and rectum?

A

retrovesical

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33
Q

What are the three components of the levator ani?

A

iliococcygeus
puboccygeus
puborectalis

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34
Q

What is the spermatic cord composed of?

A

testicular artery , cremesteric artery and nerve ( genital branch of genitofemoral nerve)
Vas Deferens and its artery and nerve

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35
Q

The Tendinous Arch is a thickened portion of the ______________ muscle that extends in an arching line from the pubis posteriorly to the ischial spine to give origin to part of the ______________ muscle.

A

obturator internis and levator ani

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36
Q

In the female the ureter is between what two structures?

In males the ureter is between what two structures?

A

female- uterine vessels and vaginal artery

males- seminal vesicle and vas deferens

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37
Q

The inferior and superior mesenteric veins and splenic veins go to which vein?

A

portal vein

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38
Q

Superior rectal vein drains into which vein and is part of which system?

A

superior mesenteric portal system

39
Q

Where does the sacral plexus sit?

A

piriformis

40
Q

Where does the vagus end?

A

left colic flexure

41
Q

What artery hugs the left renal artery and the 3rd part of the duodenum ?

A

SMA going to small intestine

42
Q

The great cardiac vein ascends along the _______________ sulcus and drains into the ___________.

A

Anterior interventricular drains into coronary sinus

43
Q

Small cardiac vein follows the __________ branch to the _________ sinus

A

marginal to coronary since

44
Q

The middle cardiac vein ascends in the _____________ sulcus and ends in the ______________.

A

posterior interventricular to coronary sinus

45
Q

Which veins do not drain into the coronary sinus?

A

Anterior cardiac veins they drain directly into the right atrium

46
Q

What is the ridge separating the muscular and smooth walled parts of the right atrium?

A

Crista terminalis

47
Q

Which muscles are present in the artria? which muscles are present in the ventricles?

A

atria- pectinate muscles

ventricle- trabeculae carneae

48
Q

The right AV valve is the ________ it has ________ leaflets. What are the 3 leaflets made of?

A

tricuspid 3 (annulus, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles)

49
Q

What muscles contract to prevent prolapse of the AV valves? What do they attach to ?

A

Papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) via the Chordae tendineae

50
Q

Where is the moderator band (septomarginal trabecula) located? and what is it’s function?

A

Right ventricular apex connects interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle. Function: act as a primary conduction path RBB of AV bundle of heart to anterior papillary muscle

51
Q

The left AV valve has ________ leaflets, opens during _________.

A

2 leaflets (bicuspid) opens during diastole

52
Q

The ______________ nerve is a branch of L1. Separates from ____________ and runs inferior to it. Passes across the ___________ and _________.

A

Ilioingunial separates from ilohypogastric passes across quadratus lumborum and iliacus.

53
Q

The __________ arises from L1-2 of the lumbar plexus. Pierces the _______ muscle and branches into _________ and _________.

A

genitofemoral psoas genital and femoral

54
Q

What fibrous structure runs down the midline of the abdomen and separates the left and right rectus abdominis muscles?

A

Linea Alba doesnt contain any nerves or vessels

55
Q

What ligament is attached to the liver antiorly, remnant of the umbilical vein of fetus?

A

falciform ligament

56
Q

What ligament attaches to the falciform ligament? In severe portal HTN it acts as an important portalcaval anatomosis resulting in _________?

A

Ligamentum teres resulting in caput medusae

57
Q

What ligament is the remnant of the fetal umbilical arteries?

A

Medial umbilical ligament

58
Q

What ligament is the remnant of fetal urachus?

A

Median umbilicus ligament

59
Q

What artery mostly supplies the transverse colon? and what is it a branch of?

A

Middle Colic Artery branch of SMA

60
Q

The superior rectal artery is a continuation of the ______________. The inferior rectal artery arises from the _______________. The middle rectal artery arises from the _____________ a branch of the __________.

A

Superior rectal artery- inferior mesenteric artery
Inferior- internal iliac artery
Middle- inferior vesicle artery branch of the internal iliac artery

61
Q

Where is the pouch of douglas located?

A

rectouterine

62
Q

The bare area of the liver where it is not covered by peritoneum is between the anterior and posterior ______________ and is contact with the _____________.

A

laminae of the coronary ligament in contact with the diaphragm

63
Q

What structure hangs down from the stomach made of visceral peritoneum and extends from the greater curvature of the stomach? was is it blood supply ?

A

Greater Omentum supplied by the Right and Left gastroepipolic vessels branches of the celiac trunk (R- branch of gastrodoudenal artery (branch of hepatic) and the L- largest branch of splenic artery)

64
Q

What is located at T8? T10? and T12?

A

T 8 is the caval opening for inferior vena cava where it gives off hepatic and inferior phrenic veins
T10-esophagus hiatus (hole in the diaphragm where the esophagus and vagus pass)
T12-where it becomes the abdominal aorta crossing via aortic hiatus

65
Q

Which rib attaches between the sternum and manubrium?

A

Rib #2

66
Q

Bottom of the manubrium?

A

T4/5

67
Q

Which lung has horizontal fissure and which have oblique fissures?

A

Both left and right lung have oblique fissures only the RIGHT lung has HORIZONTAL fissure

68
Q

The trachea bifurcates into L and R main stem bronchus at the ___________ which is located at the level of the ___________ (T?-T?)

A

Carina -sternal angle- t4-t5

69
Q

The Right Pulmonary Artery is _________ and _________ than the left.It runs ________ the aorta and SVC and ____________ the right bronchus.

A

Larger and longer than the left
runs behind the aorta and SVC
in front of the right bronchus

70
Q

The left pulmonary artery is _________ and _______ than the right. Passes _____________ the descending aorta and left bronchus.

A

shorter and smaller passes

in front of the descending aorta

71
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

remnant of a thin fibrous sheet in the right atrium that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development

72
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum ?

A

small ligament attached to the left pulmonary artery and proximal descending aorta. during fetal development was the ductus arteriosus which connected the pulm artery to prox descending aorta to allow blood from right vent to bypass lungs, closes at birth to become the ligamentum arteriosum

73
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A

obliterated umbilical vein round ligament of the liver

74
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum?

A

fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus in fetal circulation (shunts blood from left umbilical vein blood flow to the IVC)
attached to the left branch of the portal vein

75
Q

What does the Right Coronary Artery branch into?

A

travels down the right av groove to branch into Posterior Descending artery and Right Marginal Artery . It also supplies the SA nodal Artery in 60% of patients 40% of the time from left circumflex artery

76
Q

What does the Left Coronary Artery branch into ?

A

ANTERIOR interventricular artery (LAD) and left circumflex atery (Widow Maker)

77
Q

Where is the ligament of Treitz?

A

suspensory muscle of the duodenum connecting junction btw duodenum jejunum and duodenojejunal flexure to connecting tissue surrounding the SMA and coeliac artery . division of between the small intestine at the duodenum and jejunum

78
Q

Where is the sphincter of oddi located and what is its function?

A

Bottom of biliary tree. muscular valve that controls flow of digestive (bile and panc juices) through the ampulla of vater into the 2nd part of the duodenum. relaxed by hormone CCK

79
Q

Where does the celiac artery/trunk branch from the abdominal aorta and what branches does it give off?

A

At T12 - Celiac Artery gives branches

1) left gastric artery (esophageal and stomach branch)
2) common hepatic–>(hepatic, gastroduodenal, right gastric)
3) splenic artery–> (panc, short gastric, left gastro omental)

80
Q

The epiploic or omental foramen is between the _________ and _______.

A

greater (cavity of abdomen inside peritoneum) and lesser sac (cavity with lesser and great omentum)

81
Q

What artery supplies the pylorus, proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly the pancreatic head?

A

gastroduodenal artery

82
Q

The ___________ vein joins with the _____________ vein to form the hepatic portal vein.

A

SMV and splenic vein

-the IMV terminates when reaching the splenic vein

83
Q

What smooth muscle is on the outside of the ascending transverse and descending and sigmoid colon? what is its function?

A

Taenia coli- contracts lengthwise to produces haustra under control of the PSN

84
Q

What nerve crosses on top of the illacus muscle?

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

85
Q

What is the pericardiacophrenic artery a branch of? accompanies what nerve? and travels btw two structures to the diaphragm ?

A

branch of internal thoracic, accompanies the phrenic nerve, travels between the pleura and pericardium

86
Q

The dorsal vein of the penis drains into the ___________ plexus, to the _______________ vein to the ______________.

A

Prostatic plexus to the internal iliac (anterior) to the IVC

* internal pudendal follows same pathway.

87
Q

The superior rectal vein drains into ______________ then to the ____________ vein finally the ____________.

A

Inferior mesenteric vein then splenic then Portal vein

88
Q

What is the first branch off the aorta? what does it supply?

A

inferior phrenic arteries. supplies diaphragm and suprarenal glands

89
Q

Is the left renal artery shorter or longer than the right renal artery?
Is the left renal vein shorter or longer than the right?

A

Aorta is left IVC is on the right therefore
Left renal artery is shorter=right renal artery is longer
Left renal vein is longer=right renal vein is shorter

right kidney is also a little lower

90
Q

In the jejunum the arcades are _________ and the vasa recta is ________. In the ileum the arcades are ___________ and the vasa recta is ___________.

A

J: long arcades short vasa recta
I: short arcades long vasa recta

91
Q

The internal iliac artery and veins branches into the posterior and anterior division. What are the 3 branches of the posterior division?

A

Iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal (runs between the lumbar sacral trunk and 1st sacral nerve)

92
Q

What the first branch off the anterior division of the internal iliac artery ? what branch does it give off before it obliterates?

A

Umbilical artery once it gives branch to the superior vesical artery supply the bladder, it obliterates

93
Q

What is the 2nd branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery? and what does it pass through?

A

Obturator artery passes through the obturator canal accompanied by the nerve and vein

94
Q

What structures make up the boards of the Hasselbach triangle and what is it’s significance in relation to inguinal hernias ?

A

Medially by the rectus abdomins/rectal sheath
Superior-Laterally by inferior epigastric vessels
Inferiorly by inguinal ligament.
Medial to epigastric within the triangle direct hernia
lateral to epigastric indirect

95
Q

The inferior board of the rectus sheath posteriorly is called the?

A

arcuate line

96
Q

What pouch can only be found in males?

A

Rectovesicular pouch, because females have the uterus sitting between the rectum and the bladder, therefore they have two pouches rectouterine and vesicouterine.

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