Anatomy Exam #4

Question 1

Oculomotor nerve palsy

Answer 1

Unable to lift eye lid

Question 2

Trochlear nerve palsy

Answer 2

Double vision when looking down

Question 3

Abducent nerve palsy

Answer 3

medial deviation of the eye at rest

Question 4

Neural crest forms

Answer 4

PNS and ANS

Question 5

Neural Tube forms

Answer 5

brain and spinal cord

Question 6

Spina bifida occulta

Answer 6

• Incomplete vertebral arches
• Dura mater intact
• Tuft of hair in lumbar area

Question 7

Meningocoele

Answer 7

herniation of the meninges

Question 8

Myelomeningocoele

Answer 8

herniation of meninges and spinal cord

Question 9

Spina bifida with myeloschisis

Answer 9

• Most severe form
• With no overlying meninges
• Baby more prone to life-threatening infections
• Caudal neuropore does not close at end of w4

Question 10

Cerebral aqueduct

Answer 10

inside part of brain

Question 11

Mesencephalon malformation can cause obstruction of the Cerebral aqueduct

Answer 11

Obstructive hydrocephalus

Question 12

Pharyngeal hypophysis

Answer 12

• Diencephalon malformations

- Remnants of Rathke’s pouch

Question 13

Craniopharyngiomas

Answer 13

• Diencephalon malformations

- Benign tumor in rathke’s pouch

Question 14

Hydrocephalus

Answer 14

A build-up of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain

Question 15

Anencephaly

Answer 15

Rostral neuropore does not close

Question 16

Holoprosencephaly

Answer 16

Cerebral hemispheres does not separate

-associated w cleft palate and severe fetal alc

Question 17

Microcephaly

Answer 17

small brain

Question 18

Kallman syndrome

Answer 18

-Malformation of the rhinencephalon (no smell)

Question 19

Arnold-Chiari malformation

Answer 19

• most common cerebral malformation

- brain tissue extends into the spinal canal

Question 20

Calvaria

Answer 20

(skullcap) is made up of the superior portions of the frontal bone, occipital bone, and parietal bones

Question 21

Syringomyelia

Answer 21

is a rare disorder in which a cyst forms within your spinal cord

Question 22

Vernix caseosa

Answer 22

formed by periderm and sebum to protect the baby from amniotic fluid

Question 23

Primary place of most epistaxis

Answer 23

Kiesselbach area

Question 24

Uvula on left

Answer 24

right glossopharyngeal nerve lesion

Question 25

Tongue pulls to right

Answer 25

right hypoglossal nerve lesion

Question 26

Carotid Sheath Contains

Answer 26

internal jugular vein, common carotid artery and vagus nerve

Question 27

surrounds the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery and passes into the axilla as the axillary sheath

Answer 27

alar fascia

Question 28

Cutaneous innvervation of neck

Answer 28

up: lesser occipital down: supraclavicular

Question 29

provides motor innervation to the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 29

Ansa Cervicalis

Question 30

right common carotid artery is a branch from

Answer 30

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 31

left common carotid artery is a branch of the

Answer 31

aortic arch

Question 32

inferior bulb of the internal jugular vein contain

Answer 32

a valve that doesn't allow blood to flow back towards the brain

Question 33

inf thyroid artery branches off the

Answer 33

thyrocerivcal trunk

Question 34

Venous angle | -left vs right side

Answer 34

union of IJV with subclavian, site of lymph drainage from thoracic duct (on left side) and right lymphatic trunk (on right side)

Question 35

Horner Syndrome

Answer 35

Has several causes including lesion of or tumor on the sympathetic trunk in the neck Characteristics: Miosis – pupillary constriction, caused from paralysis of the dilator pupillae muscle Ptosis – drooping of superior eyelid, caused from paralysis of the smooth muscle within the levator palpebrae superioris Anhidrosis – vasodilation and absence of sweating on the face and neck, caused by lack of sympathetic nerves supply to blood vessels and sweat glands Enophthalmos – sinking of eyeball, possibly caused by paralysis of smooth muscle in the floor of the orbit

Question 36

Trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 36

- Extreme, sporadic, sudden burning or shock-like facial pain that lasts anywhere from a few seconds to as long as two minutes per episode - Associated with multiple causes, which could include nerve compression as it exits the cranium, multiple sclerosis, previous cerebrovascular accident (stroke), and/or arteriovenous (AV) malformation.

Question 37

ophthalmic artery branches off

Answer 37

internal carotid artery

Question 38

“Danger area” of face (location, communication, spread)

Answer 38

- Consists of area from corners of the mouth to bridge of the nose - Venous communication (via ophthalmic veins) between the facial vein and the cavernous sinus - Possible for retrograde infections from the nasal area to spread to the brain causing cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, or brain abscess

Question 39

parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to parotid gland

Answer 39

Auriculotemporal nerve

Question 40

Chorda tympani nerve

Answer 40

- Carries taste fibers from the anterior 2/3 of tongue - Carries presynaptic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers for submandibular and sublingual glands - Branch of CN VII

Question 41

Two extrinsic ligaments of TMJ

Answer 41

Stylomandibular ligament | Sphenomandibular ligament

Question 42

midbrain nerve

Answer 42

oculomotor nerve

Question 43

medulla nerve

Answer 43

hypoglossal nerve