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Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide 1 > Anatomy Exam Study Guide 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam Study Guide 1 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the way an organism or body part functions

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3
Q

Tissue

A

assembled group of similar cells that performs a specialized function

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4
Q

Organ

A

structure consisting of two or more tissues with a specialized function

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5
Q

Organ System

A

Group of organs coordinated to carry on a specialized function

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6
Q

Organism

A

An individual living thing

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

dynamic state in which the body’s internal environment is maintained within the normal range

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8
Q

Stimulus

A

Produces change in the variable

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9
Q

Receptor

A

detects change, acts as a sensor

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10
Q

control center

A

body structure that determines the normal range of variable

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11
Q

Effector

A

a muscle or gland that effects change in the body

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12
Q

negative feedback

A

A mechanism that restores the level of a biomechanics or other condition in the internal environment

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13
Q

positive feedback

A

process by which changes cause additional similar changed, producing unstable conditions

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14
Q

Afferent pathway

A

directed towards the control center

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15
Q

Efferent Pathway

A

Directed away from the control center or central part of a structure

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16
Q

Axial

A

Pertaining to the head, neck, and trunk

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17
Q

Appendicular

A

Part of the skeleton making up the upper and lower limbs and the bones that join the limbs to the axial skeleton

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18
Q

Superior

A

Structure above another structure

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19
Q

Inferior

A

structure below another structure

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20
Q

Cranial

A

pertaining to the cranium, the part of the skull that does not include the face

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21
Q

caudal

A

directed toward or situated in or near the tail, away from the head

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22
Q

Dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back surface of a body part

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23
Q

Ventral

A

Pertaining to the front surface of a body part

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24
Q

Palmar

A

Pertaining to the front surface of a body part

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25
Plantar
pertaining to the sole of the foot
26
Posterior
toward the back; opposite of anterior
27
Anterior
pertaining to the front
28
Lateral
pertaining to the side, away from the midline
29
Medial
toward or near the midline
30
superficial
Near the surface of the body or a specified body structure
31
Deep
More internal, not near the surface
32
Viscera
Organs in a body cavity
33
Viscus
Pertaining to the organs in a body cavity
34
Serosa
A serous membrane
35
Parietal Serosa
lines cavity walls
36
Visceral serosa
lines organs
37
Serous fluid
Lubricating secretion from a serous cell
38
Dorsal Cavity
Space in the body that contains the bra
39
Ventral Cavity
in the front of the body—made up of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
40
Cranial cavity
Space in the cranium containing the brain
41
Vertebral cavity
Space containing the spinal cord
42
Thoracic Cavity
Space containing organs in the upper trunk
43
Plueral Cavity
Potential space between pleural membranes
44
Abdominal cavity
Space between the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet that contains the abdominal viscera
45
Pelvic Cavity
Hollow place within the ring formed by the sacrum and hip bones
46
Pleura
the serosa membrane surrounding the lungs
47
Peritoneum
Serosa membrane in the abdominal and pelvic cavity
48
Pericardium
Serosa membrane in the pericardial cavity
49
Meninges
Serosa membrane in the cranial/vertebral cavity
50
pneumothorax
When air gets stuck in the pleural space
51
Pleurisy
when the pleura becomes inflamed
52
Blumberg Sign
Deep palpation of the viscera over the suspected inflamed appendix followed by sudden release of the pressure causes the severe pain on the site
53
Peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
54
Saggital
A lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions
55
Medial
Toward or near the midline
56
Mid-sagittal
A lengthwise cut that splits the body evenly into left and right sides
57
Para-sagittal
Any lengthwise cut that divides the body, not down the middle
58
Median section
The cross-section that runs through the median plane
59
Frontal Plane
Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
60
Coronal Plane
Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
61
Frontal Section
Any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal sections
62
Transverse Plane
Horizontal plane, cuts the body into superior and inferior portions
63
Cross-section
A transverse cut through a structure or tissue
64
Oblique section
divides the body diagonally
65
Describe the difference between anatomy and physiology.
Anatomy examines the structures, form, and organization of body parts; physiology looks at the functions of body parts, what they do and how they do it
66
Define the principle of complementarity and function.
What a structure can do depends on its specific form
67
Describe the organization of the human body, from simple to most complex.
atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism
68
Describe the role off afferent and efferent pathways to homeostasis – including a description of the ‘players’ (ie, stimulus, receptor, control center, and effector). Describe an example of a homeostatic event.
Afferent pathways go towards the control center, which determines the normal range of a variable. The system starts with a stimulus which produces a change in variable and moves to the receptor that then detects a change and then goes to the control center. The Efferent pathway starts after the control center (exit). After the control center comes the effector which responds and reduces the effect of stimulus and returns variable to homeostatic level—body temp
69
Differentiate between negative feedback systems and positive feedback systems, and how they affect homeostasis. Give an example of each.
Negative feedback system maintains homeostasis and keeps the scale balanced, body temp regulation Positive feedback systems prevent homeostasis and tip the scale, contractions during birth
70
Describe the standard anatomical position.
Standing upright, facing forward with arms hanging at both sides with palms facing forward
71
Differentiate between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
Axial: the part of the skeleton that supports and protects the organs of the head, neck, and trunk Appendicular: the part of the skeleton making up the upper and lower limbs and the bones that join the limbs to the axial skeleton
72
Describe the following common diseases of serosa
pleurisy, pneumothorax, and peritonitis.
73
Be able to label these structures
All cavities

Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide 1 (1 decks)

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