Anatomy - Female Reproductive System and the Breast

Question 1

What components of the female reproductive system lie in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 1

Ovaries

Uterine tubes

Uterus

Superior part of vagina

Question 2

What components of the female reproductive system make up the perineum?

Answer 2

Inferior part of vagina

Perineal muscles

Bartholin’s glands

Clitoris

labia

Question 3

What is the clinical significance of the pouch of douglas? (rectouterine pouch)

Answer 3

Excess abnormal fluid within the peritoneal cavity tends to collect here (most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in anatomical position)

Question 4

What are the two pouches the peritoneum forms?

Answer 4

vesico-uterine

recto-uterine (pouch of douglas)

Question 5

What forms the floor of the peritnoeal cavity and the roof over pelvic organs?

Answer 5

the inferior part of parietal peritoneum

Question 6

How can fluid collection in the pouch of douglas be drained?

Answer 6

A needle passed through the posterior fornix of the vagina

Question 7

Label the 2 pouches.

Answer 7

Question 8

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?

Answer 8

double layer of peritoneum

Question 9

What does the broad ligament of the uterus do?

Answer 9

helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

Question 10

What does the broad ligament of the uterus contain in it?

Answer 10

the uterine tubes and the proximal part of the round ligament

Question 11

Label this diagram

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the round ligament of the uterus?

Answer 12

An embryological remnant

Question 13

Where is the broad ligament of the uterus?

Answer 13

It extends between the uterus and the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis

Question 14

Where does the round ligament attach? Where does it pass through?

Answer 14

To the lateral aspect of the uterus

Passes through the deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of female perineum

Question 15

What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament of the uterus?

Answer 15

mesometrium - uterus

mesosalpinx - tubes

mesovarium - ovary

Question 16

How is the uterus held in position?

Answer 16

Levels of support:

number of strong ligaments (e.g. uterosacral ligaments)

endopelvic fascia

muscles of pelvis floor (e.g. levator ani)

Question 17

What happens with weakness of the uterine supports?

Answer 17

Uterine prolapse - movement of the uterus inferiorly

Question 18

What are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus?

Answer 18

perimetrium

myometrium

endometrium

Question 19

What layer of the uterus is shed during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 19

endometrium

Question 20

Where does implantation of the zygote occur?

Answer 20

Body of uterus

Question 21

Label this diagram.

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the most common position of the uterus?

Answer 22

Anteverted and anteflexed

Question 23

What is normal variation for the position of the uterus?

Answer 23

retroverted and retroflexed

Question 24

What must be sampled in a cervical smear?

Answer 24

the squamocolumnar junction (transformation zone)

Question 25

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 25

the ampulla

Question 26

Label this diagram of a fallopian tube.

Answer 26

Question 27

Where is there comminucation between the genital tract and the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 27

The fimbirated end of the uterine tubes - they open into the peritoneal cavity

Question 28

Where do the ovaries develop?

Answer 28

On the posterior abdominal wall and move onto lateral wall of the pelvis

Question 29

What are the 4 parts of the fornix?

Answer 29

anterior posterior 2 lateral

Question 30

What is a fornix?

Answer 30

The space around the cervix where the cervix holds the vagina walls apart

Question 31

Where can ischial spines be palpated on vaginal examination?

Answer 31

4 and 8 oclock

Question 32

What is the perineum?

Answer 32

Shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin

Question 33

What forms the majority of the pelvix diaphragm?

Answer 33

levator ani muscle

Question 34

What does the levator ani muscle do?

Answer 34

provides continual support for the pelvic organs - tonic contraction

Question 35

What is the innervation of levator ani?

Answer 35

S2,3,4 sacral plexus

Question 36

What nerve supplies the perineal muscles?

Answer 36

pudendal nerve

Question 37

What is the perineal body?

Answer 37

A bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue attachment of: external anal sphnicter, external urethral sphincter, bulbospongious, superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles, levator ani Located just deep to skin

Question 38

What could an enlarged Bartholin's gland indicate?

Answer 38

infection

Question 39

Where does the bed of breast extend?

Answer 39

from ribs 2-6 lateral border of sternum to mid axillary line

Question 40

Where is the retromammary space?

Answer 40

Lies between fascia and breast

Question 41

Where do the breasts lie?

Answer 41

On deep fascia covering pec major and serratus anterior

Question 42

Where does lymph from the breast drain to?

Answer 42

Most to ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes then to supraclavicular nodes inner breast quadrants: can drain to parasternal lower inner breast quadrants: can drain to abdominal

Question 43

Where does lymph from the upper limb drain to? What is the clinical significance of this?

Answer 43

Axillary lymph nodes If axillary nodes are removed (axillary node clearance) in treatment for breast cancer, can result in lymphedema

Question 44

How is the extent of axillary clearance desrcibed?

Answer 44

'levels' the position of each can be described in relation to pectoralis minor 1 - inferior and lateral to 2 - deep to 3 - superior and medial to

Question 45

What does the pyramidal passageway between arm and chest contain?

Answer 45

brachial plexus branches axillary artery and vein (and branches and tributaries) axillary lymph nodes

Question 46

What is the blood supply to the female breast? What is the venous drainage?

Answer 46

medial breast - internal thoracic artery (From subclavian) lateral breast - axillary artery venous drainage - axillary and thoracic veins

Question 47

Label this diagram.

Answer 47

Question 48

What makes up the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 48

levator ani and coccygeus levator ani: pubococcygeus + iliococcygeus

Question 49

Where are the bulbourethral glands in the male? What glands are homologous in females? Where are they?

Answer 49

deep pouch Batholin's glands - in superficial pouch

Question 50

What are the spinal nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 50

S2, S3, S4 keeps the poo off the floor

Question 51

Label the colours in this diagram.

Answer 51