Anatomy Final

Question 1

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 1

Visual processing

Question 2

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 2

Higher level cognitive function

Question 3

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 3

Voluntary movements, balance and posture

Question 4

What is the difference between the autonomic and somatic divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 4

Autonomic regulates involuntary function, and somatic regulates voluntary movement

Question 5

What is the difference between gray matter and white matter in the brain?

Answer 5

Gray matter is heavily meditated, and white matter has a high concentration of myelin

Question 6

What is epilepsy?

Answer 6

Recurrent seizures

Question 7

Identify the 4 major lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 7

Anterior lobe, posterior lobe, flocculondular lobe, intermediate lobe

Question 8

In humans, the white portion of the eye is called the?

Answer 8

Sclera

Question 9

Which part of the eye contracts and dilates based on the light in the environment?

Answer 9

The pupil

Question 10

Which type of cells are responsible for our perception of taste?

Answer 10

Gustatory cells

Question 11

Which type of cells are responsible for our perception of sight?

Answer 11

Photoreceptor cells, rods and cones

Question 12

Which type of cells are responsible for our perception of smell?

Answer 12

Olfactory receptor neurons

Question 13

Name the primary hormones involved in blood-glucose regulation?

Answer 13

Insulin and glucagon

Question 14

Name the primary hormones involved in the stress hormone?

Answer 14

Cortisol, epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

Question 15

What are the 9 major endocrine gland?

Answer 15

Hypothalmus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, and ovaries

Question 16

The main male and female steroid hormones are–

Answer 16

Testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, DHT

Question 17

What is a hormone?

Answer 17

Chemicals that coordinate different function by carrying different messages

Question 18

What is a target cell?

Answer 18

Cell with specific receptors and can respond to a hormone or neurotransmitter

Question 19

What feature of red blood cells determines your blood type?

Answer 19

Rh factor

Question 20

Where are antibodies found?

Answer 20

Plasma

Question 21

Where are the 3 major clusters of lymph nodes in the body?

Answer 21

Armpit, groin, neck

Question 22

Which organ breaks down and recycles worn out red blood cells?

Answer 22

Spleen

Question 23

How is the thymus gland different in children than in adults?

Answer 23

In children its larger, it gets smaller when your an adult

Question 24

Where are red blood cells produced?

Answer 24

Bone marrow

Question 25

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 25

Maintenance of fluid balance, transports immune cells, defend the body against infection

Question 26

What is humoral immunity?

Answer 26

Production of antibodies by B- lymphocytes

Question 27

What does immunodeficiency mean?

Answer 27

The immune systems ability to fight infection

Question 28

What are the bodies 3 lines of defense?

Answer 28

Barrier defense, inflammation, adaptive immunity

Question 29

What type of disease is characterized by the body's immune system attacking healthy cells?

Answer 29

Autoimmune diseases

Question 30

Which blood vessels return blood to the heart from the lower regions of the body?

Answer 30

Inferior vena cava

Question 31

Where is endocardium found and what is its function?

Answer 31

The inner lining of the heart. It reduces friction inside the heart and it lines the inside of all the blood vessels

Question 32

Which blood vessels are the actual site of material exchange between the blood and tissues?

Answer 32

Capillaries

Question 32

What is unique about the pulmonary veins?

Answer 32

They carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 33

What is happening to the heart during a myocardial infarction?

Answer 33

Prolonged lack of oxygen reaching cardiac muscles causes permanent death of tissue in heart walls

Question 34

Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung?

Answer 34

Position of heart which occupies more space on left side?

Question 35

Why does exercise increase your rate of respiration?

Answer 35

Body needs more O2 and a higher rate of excretion of CO2

Question 36

What is the function of surfactant?

Answer 36

To reduce surface tension at the air-liquid interface, preventing alveolar collapse

Question 37

Which 2 muscles are most directly involved in inhalation?

Answer 37

Diaphragm, and external intercostal muscles

Question 38

Name the microscopic chambers that are the site of gas exchange?

Answer 38

Alveoli

Question 39

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 39

Air is moved in and out of lungs

Question 40

What are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 40

Prevents food and fluids from being aspirated

Question 41

Name the functions of the sinuses?

Answer 41

Trap pathogens, filter air.

Question 42

Name the order of the structure that food passes through in the digestive tract?

Answer 42

Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation

Question 43

The process of taking food into the digestive tract is known as?

Answer 43

Ingestion

Question 44

The process of physically breaking down food in preparation for digestion by enzymes is known as?

Answer 44

Chemical digestion

Question 45

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 45

Produces insulin that regulates blood sugar after meals

Question 46

What does the gallbladder do?

Answer 46

Stores bile necessary for the digestion of fats

Question 47

What are the alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscles that propel food through the digestive system called?

Answer 47

Peristalsis

Question 48

Which two organs perform most of the mechanical digestion of food?

Answer 48

Mouth and stomach

Question 49

What is the function of the microvilli in the intestines?

Answer 49

Increases surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 50

This organ is where most of the chemical digestion of food occurs?

Answer 50

Small intestine

Question 51

This organs main digestive function is absorbing water from the food

Answer 51

Large intestine