Anatomy- Foot and Ankle Flashcards
(37 cards)
What bones are in the foot?
- 7 tarsals
- 5 metatarsals
- 14 phalanges
What are the 7 tarsals in the foot?
- Proximal: calcaneus and talus
- Intermediate: navicular
- Distal: cuboid and 3 cuneiforms
What joints are at the ankle?
- True ankle joint (talocrural)
- Subtalar joint (talocalcaneal)
Describe what makes the talocrural joint and its movements?
- Tibia, fibula and talus
- Hinge joint
- Allows dorsi and plantar flexion
Describe what makes up the subtalar joint and its movements?
- Talus and calcaneus
- Plane synovial joint
- Inversion and eversion
What ligaments are present at the true ankle joint?
- Medial (deltoid) ligament (4 named parts)
- Lateral ligaments (3 named parts)
What are the named parts of the medial ligaments of the true ankle joint?
- Tibiocalcaneal part
- Tibionavicular part
- Anterior tibiotalar part
- Posterior tibiotalar part
What are the named parts of the lateral ligament of the true ankle joint?
- Anterior talofibular ligament
- Calcaneofibular ligament
- Posterior talofibular ligament
What are the 3 parts of the ankle retinacula and where are they present?
- Flexor (medial)
- Extensor sup and inf (dorsal)
- Fibular sup and inf (lateral)
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and what is a common movement?
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extension at true ankle joint
What are the muscles of the lateral compatment of the leg and a common movement?
- Fibularis longus
- Fibularis berevis
- Flexion at true ankle joint and eversion at subtalar joint
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg and what is the common movement?
-Superficial: gastrocnemius plantaris soleus -Deep: tibialis posterior flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus -Flexion at true ankle joint and inversion at subtalar joint
What is the talar tunnel and where is it found?
- Passageway for tendons, nerves and vessels to travel between the posterior leg and foot
- Posteriomedial aspect of ankle
What are the borders of the talar tunnel?
- Bony floor
- Flexor retinaculum spans between medial malleus and medial tubercule of calcaneus to form roof
What are the contents of the talar tunnel?
- TOM DICK AND HARRY (ant to post)
- Tendon of tibialis posterior
- Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
- Posterior tibial artery
- Tibial nerve
- Tendon of flexor hallucis longus
What is a common pathology in the talar tunnel?
-Tibial nerve can become compressed (tarsal tunnel syndrome)
What are the foot arches important for?
- Important as foot is specialised for:
- weight bearing
- locomotion
- acts as shock absorber
- allows us to spring off ground
What arches are in the foot?
- 2 longitudinal arches (med and lat)
- Transverse arch
What forms the medial longitudinal arch?
-Formed by the calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and first 3 metatarsal bones
What forms the lateral longitudinal arch?
-Calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsal bones
What helps support the longitudinal arches?
- Ligaments, muscles, tendons
- Plantar aponeurosis and felxor hallucis longus and digitorum longus help support longitudinal arches of foot
What forms the transverse arch of the foot?
-Metatarsal bones, cuboid and the 3 cuneiforms
What helps supports the transverse foot arch?
- Plantar aponeurosis, muscles, ligaments, bones
- Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior
- Plantar ligaments
- Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?
- Superomedial: semimembranosus
- Superolateral: biceps femoris
- Inferomedial: med. head of gastrocnemius
- Inferolateral: lat. head of gastrocnemius
