Anatomy From Principles

Question 1

Great Vessels

Answer 1

Vessels directly connected to the heart chambers

Question 2

Neuromuscular Bundle

Answer 2

Artery + Vein + Nerve

Question 3

Bifurcation

Answer 3

Artery terminates by dividing into 2 terminal branches

Question 4

4 parts of the aorta

Answer 4

1. ascending aorta
2. arch of the aorta
3. thoracic aorta
4. descending aorta

Question 5

Branches of the ascending aorta

Answer 5

R + L Coronary Arteries

Question 6

Branches of the arch of the aorta

Answer 6

1. brachiocephalic trunk
2. common carotid artery
3. subclavian artery

Question 7

Brachiocephalic trunk bifurcates into

Answer 7

1. right common carotid artery

2. right subclavian artery

Question 8

Right common carotid artery bifurcates into

Answer 8

1. right internal carotid artery

2. right external carotid artery

Question 9

Right internal carotid artery

Answer 9

Supplies the brain

Question 10

Right external carotid artery

Answer 10

Supplies the face and scalp

Question 11

Basilar Artery

Answer 11

Formed from the two vertebral arteries joining together

Question 12

Circle of Wills

Answer 12

Basilar Artery + Left internal carotid artery + Right internal carotid artery

Question 13

Carotid Sinus location

Answer 13

Most proximal part of the internal carotid artery.

Innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 14

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) function

Answer 14

to detect stretching of the walls of the carotid sinus - beat to beat changes in arterial blood pressure

Question 15

Astrocyte

Answer 15

Support cells that surround the carotid arteries

Question 16

What happens in Anastomosis

Answer 16

arteries connect with each other without an intervening capillary wall
eg circle of wills

Question 17

Anastomosis purpose

Answer 17

provides alternative routes for blood to flow to cells distal to an occlusion 
in brain (circle of wills) helps to prevent a stroke

Question 18

End artery

Answer 18

the only blood supply to a given area

Question 19

Aortic Hiatus

Answer 19

Opening in the diaphragm

Question 20

Arteries can change their names … left subclavian

Answer 20

left subclavian artery –>
left axillary artery –>
left brachial artery –>
bifurcates into the left radial artery and the left ulnar artery

Question 21

Veins are the capacitance vessels

Answer 21

60% of the circulating blood volume

Question 22

Skeletal Muscle Pump

Answer 22

contraction of the skeletal muscles in the lower limb pumps venous blood back to the heart

Question 23

Venous valves

Answer 23

Ensure unidirectional flow back to the heart against gravity

Question 24

Body has two main venous systems

Answer 24

1. Hepatic Portal venous system

2. Systemic venous system

Question 25

Hepatic Portal venous system

Answer 25

drain the venous blood from the absorptive parts of the GI tract to the liver for cleaning

Question 26

Systemic venous system

Answer 26

drains the venous blood from all other organs and tissues into the superior or inferior vena cava

Question 27

Circulatory System

Answer 27

circulatory system + lymphatic system

Question 28

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 28

Drains lymph into the right venous angle

Question 29

Thoracic duct

Answer 29

Drains lymph into the left venous angle