Anatomy- head and neck Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is the name of the dural petition that houses the pituitary gland?
Diaphragma sellae
What forms the confluence of sinuses?
What sinus come off it? What does it become?
superior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus (from ISS and great cerebral)
Transverse sinus comes from it, which becomes sigmoid then IJV
What contributes to the cavernous sinus?
What goes through it?
Cerebral, emissory and opthalmic veins
SOF nerves and ICA
What two bones are most fragile in orbit? where do they go if broken?
Lacrimal- to maxilllary sinus (blow out fracture)
Ethmoid- into extra-ocular muscles causing double vision
How does aqueous humour get out of the eye?
Via the anterior chamber angle
- Ciliary body
- Pupil
- Trabecular meshwork
- Canal of schlemm
Then goes into venous supply
What is presbyopia?
Whats it caused by?
Loss of accomodation which age
Caused by reduction in flexibility of lens and zonules
What are the two muscles of the orbit, what do they do and what nerve innervates them?
Obicularis orbit closes lid; facial
Levator palpebrae superiosis elevates lid; oculomotor
What are the layers of the scalp?
Which one contains blood vessels?
What muscle is contained in it?
Skin, connective tissue (dense) which contains vessels, Aponeurosis with occipitofrontalis, loose connective tissue, pericranium
3 reasons why scalp lacerations bleed like a mother fucker
- Two bellies of the aponeurosis pulling it open
- Rich blood supply from the anastamoses of IC and EC
- Fibrous septa hold arteries open, making contracting/ clotting harder
What is the arterial supply to the superficial face?
Facial artery from EC does most
Supraorbital and supratrochlea from IC does anterior superior parts of scalp
What is the arterial supply to the lateral and posterior scalp?
External carotid
- Superficial temporal does lateral
- Posterior auricular does a little bit of posterior
- Occipital does most of posterior
How can infection spread from skin of face (especially around nose) spread to inside the cranium?
From thrombophletbitis that travels from facial vein via opthalmic veins (acting as large emissary veins) to the cavernous sinus
What nerve, artery and vein are in the parotid gland?
Facial nerve (pes anserinus)
Retromandibular vein (branches into ST and Max vein)
External carotid (branches into ST and Max artery)
What nerve supplies the external ear?
Vagus does postero/inferior
V3 trigem does antero/superior and outside of TM
What innervates stapedius and tensor tympani and what do they do?
Stapedius innervated by facial nerve
tensor tympani innervated by trigeminal V3
the dampen loud ossifications protecting the sensory receptors
What arteries does internal carotid give off?
anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior communicating
opthalmic
What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
What are consequences if blocked?
Medial part of frontal and parietal lobe
SS and motor to lower limb
If blocked see contralateral spastic paralysis of LL and hemi-anaesthesia
What does the middle cerebral artery supply?
What would you see if blocked?
Lateral surface of frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Inferior surface of temporal lobe
SS and motor for body except LL
Language areas on dominant side
Spastic paralysis on contralateral side
Hemi-anaesthesia on contralateral side
Language deficits if blocked on language dominant side (majority left)
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
If blocked?
Inferior surface of temporal
Medial surface of occipital
Primary visual cortex
Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
What blood supplies the midbrain, pons and medulla?
Midbrain
- Posterior cerebral
- Superior cerebellar
Pons
- Basilar pointine branches
Midbrain
Anterior spinal
Posterior inferior cerebellar
Vertebral
In medial medullary syndrome
- What artery is blocked?
- What nerves are affected and whats the consequence?
- Anterior spinal artery blocked
- Hypoglossal nucleus; ipislater paralysis and atrophy of tongue
- Medullary pyramids; contralateral hemiparesis
- Medial lemniscus; contralateral somatosensory hemideficit
What are some consequences of breaking your ethmoid bone?
Can get bleeding or infection into meninges
Can get rhinnorhea
What nerve supplies the antero/superior quadrand and then the postero/inferior quadrant of the nasal cavity
What nerve supplies the different paranasal sinuses?
Ethmoidal branches from V1 do antero/superior quadrant and frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinus
V2 does postero/inferior (nasopalantine medially and greater palantine medially) and maxillary (superior alveolar)
