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Biomedical Sciences > Anatomy, Histology & Physiology (Week 18) > Flashcards

Anatomy, Histology & Physiology (Week 18) Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Definition of Anatomy

A

Greek word: ana(up), temnein(cut)
- To cut up/dissect

  • Structure (morphology) of body parts and how they are organised
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2
Q

Definition of Physiology

A

Greek word: Physios (nature), logia (study)

  • Function of body parts (what they do & how)
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3
Q

Organisation of the Human Body

A

Cells -> Tissues -> Organ -> Organ System -> human

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4
Q

Definition of Metabolism

A

Sum of all chemical reactions in a living system. Energy production & nutrient cycling.

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5
Q

Definition of Growth

A

Increase in cell number and size, increase in body size

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6
Q

Definition of Reproduction

A

Production of new cells and organisms

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7
Q

Definition of Responsiveness

A

Reaction to a change inside or outside the body

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8
Q

Definition of Movement

A

Change in body position or location; motion of internal organs

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9
Q

Definition of Respiration

A

Making energy - most organisms do this by taking in O2 and removing CO2

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10
Q

Definition of Digestion

A

Breaking down food into smaller and simpler form to be absorbed and used.

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11
Q

Definition of Circulation

A

Movement of cells & substances through body fluids

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11
Q

Definition of Homeostasis

A
  • Condition of a stable environment.
  • Its maintained by the body through various homeostatic mechanisms

STIMULUS
1. Receptors
2. Control Centre
3. Effectors (muscles or glands)
RESPONSE

(REPEAT)

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11
Q

Definition of Excretion

A

Removal of waste products

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12
Q

Definition of Positive Feedback

A

Process where a change keeps increasing in the same direction

Example: Contractions during child birth gets stronger until baby is born

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13
Q

Definition of Negative Feedback

A

A process where a change is corrected by bringing the system back to normal.

Example: Sweating cools the body when it gets too hot.

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14
Q

Definition of Cytology

A

Greek word: Kytos (hollow basket), logia (study.

Study of cells

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15
Q

Definition of Histology

A

Greek word: Histos (tissue, any woven material) and logia (study)

Study of the microscopy structure of plant and animal tissues - also called microscopic anatomy

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16
Q

Four main cell types in the body

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
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17
Q

Superior

A

Part is above another body part

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18
Q

Inferior

A

Part is below another part

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19
Q

Anterior (Ventral)

A

Towards the front

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20
Q

Posterior (Dorsal)

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A

Towards the back

21
Q

Medial

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A

Body part closer to midline than another part

22
Q

Lateral

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A

Body part further away from midline

23
Bilateral
Paired structured, one on each side of midline (e.g lungs are bilateral)
24
Ipsilateral
Structures on the same side of the midline
25
Contralateral
Structures on the opposite side
26
Proximal
Body part closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part
27
Distal
Body part farther from a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part
28
Superficial
Situated near the surface (e.g epidermis)
29
Deep
Parts that are more internal than superficial parts (e.g dermis)
30
Sagittal
Lengthwise plane that divides body into right and left parts
31
Medial (midsagittal)
Sagittal plane passes along midline and divides the body into equal parts
32
Parasagittal
Sagittal section lateral to midline
33
Transverse (horizontal)
Plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions
34
Frontal (Coronal)
Plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
35
Explain Function, Location & Characteristics of EPITHELIAL
Function: Protection, Secretion, Absorption, Excretion Location: Cover body surface, cover & line internal organs, secreting portions of glands Characteristics: Lack blood cells, readily divide, closely packed cells, single or multiple layers
36
Explain Function, Location & Characteristics of CONNECTIVE
Function: Bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells Location: Widely distributed throughout body Characteristics: Mostly have good blood supply, cells are farther apart than epithelial cells with extracellular matrix in between
37
Explain Function, Location & Characteristics of MUSCLE
Function: Movement Location: Attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, heart Characteristics: Able to generate forces in response to specific stimuli
38
Explain Function, Location & Characteristics of NERVOUS
Function: Conduct impulses for coordination. Regulation, integration, and sensory reception Location: Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves Characteristics: Cells communicate with each other and other body parts by receiving and sending stimuli
39
Types of Epithelium
- Simple squamous - Simple cuboidal - Simple columnar - Stratified Squamous - Stratified cuboidal
40
Describe Connective Tissue
- Most abundant and widely distributed - Bind structures, provide support and protection, store fat, fill spaces, produce blood cells, protect against infections, repair tissue damage - Cells spread apart with abundance of extracellular matrix lying between them
41
Describe Function and Location of AREOLAR TISSUE
Loose connective tissue Function: Bind organs Location: Beneath skin & epithelial cells, between muscles
42
Describe Function and Location of ADIPOSE TISSUE
Loose connective tissue Function: Protects, insulates, stores fat Location: Beneath skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, on heart surface
43
Describe Function and Location of RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Loose connective tissue Function: Supports Location: In walls of liver and spleen
44
Describe Function and Location of DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Loose connective tissue Function: Binds body parts Location: Tendons, ligaments, deep layer of skin
45
Describe Function and Location of HYALINE CARTILAGE
Specialised connective tissue Function: Supports, protects, framework Location: Ends of bones, nose, walls of respiratory passages (rings)
46
Describe Function and Location of ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Specialised connective tissue Function: Supports, protects, flexible framework Location: Framework of external ear and parts larynx
47
Describe Function and Location of FIBROCARTILAGE
Specialised connective tissue Function: Supports, protects, shock absorber Between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle and knee
48
Describe Function and Location of BONE
Specialised connective tissue Function: Supports, protects framework Location: Bones of skeleton
49
Describe Function and Location of BLOOD
Specialised connective tissue Function: Transport, helps maintain homeostasis Location: Whole body within closed system of blood vessels and heart chambers
50
State the points for Compact Bone
- External layer of bones - Bulk of diaphysis - Arranged in osteons - No/limited gaps between Osteons
51
State the points for Spongy Bone
- Bulk of epiphyses - Short, flat & irregular bones - Arranged in trabeculae (branching bony plates - Bone marrow fills spaces within spongy bone
52

Biomedical Sciences (5 decks)

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