Anatomy I Comprehensive Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Longitudinal
Medial/lateral rotation - pronation/supination
Upper/lower half (transverse)
A
Cranio-caudal axis
2
Q
Dorso-ventral
Abduction/adduction
Frontal coronal plane
A
Anterior posterior axis
3
Q
Flexion/extension
Median saggital plane
A
Left-right axis
4
Q
Diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends)
A
Long bone
5
Q
Carpals, tarsals, talus, and calcaneus
A
Short bone
6
Q
Skull/calvaria
A
Flat bone
7
Q
Vertebrae/facial bones
A
Irregular bone
8
Q
Patella
A
Sesamoid
9
Q
Desired action
A
Agonist
10
Q
Opposing desired action
A
Antagonist
11
Q
Eliminates agonist unwanted action
A
Synergist
12
Q
Stabalizes base of attachment of agonist
A
Fixator
13
Q
Active insufficiency via
Passive insufficiency via
(agonist/antagonist)
A
Agonist
Antagonist
14
Q
Length of muscle doesn’t change
A
Isometric
15
Q
Length of muscle does change
A
Isotonic
16
Q
Muscle gets shorter
A
Concentric
17
Q
Muscle gets longer
A
Eccentric
18
Q
Base of axilla boundaries:
A:
P:
M:
L:
Lat dorsi, clavicle, superior scapula, pec major, humerus, first rib, thoracic wall
A
Pectoralis major
Lat dorsi
Thoracic wall
Humerus
19
Q
Apex of axilla:
A:
P:
M:
Lat dorsi, clavicle, superior scapula, pec major, humerus, first rib, thoracic wall
A
Clavicle
Superior scapula,
First rib
20
Q
Latissimus dorsi innervated by
A
Thoracodorsal N
21
Q
4 rotator cuffs
Tendons form cuff around head of humerus for snubbing/rotation
A
S
I
T
S
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
22
Q
Rotator cuff for first few degrees of arm elevation
A
Supraspinatus
23
Q
All rotator cuff muscles except this one attach to the greater tubercle of humerus - this one attaches to the lesser tubercle
A
Subscapularis
24
Q
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus are innervated by
A
Suprascapular nerve
25
The teres minor and subscapularis rotator cuffs both hold the humerus head in place
The teres minor however _ rotates
Subscapularis minor _ rotates
Laterally
| Medially
26
Dendrites/nerve bodies of:
CNS:
PNS:
Bundle of axon fibers of:
CNS:
PNS:
Nucleus
Ganglion
Tract
Nerve
27
Main landmark of thoracic wall that marks location of 2nd rib (bc 1st rib is not palpable)
Sternal angle of louis
28
Vertebrae of brachial plexus
C5-T1
29
Between what 2 muscles is the origin of the brachial plexus
Scalaneus anterior and medius
30
Direct branch at C5
| Direct branch at C5-7
Dorsal scapular
| Long thoracic
31
Muscle of dorsal scapular nerve in brachial plexus
Rhomboids
32
Muscle of long thoracic nerve in brachial plexus
Serratus anterior
33
Muscle that fixes scapula to thoracic wall and prevents winging
Serratus anterior
| Innervated by thoracodorsal nerve
34
Superior trunk vertebrae:
Middle trunk vertebrae:
Inferior trunk vertebrae:
C5-6
C7
C8-T1
35
Nerve to superior trunk of brachial plexus - innervates the supraspinatus/infraspinatus too of rotator cuffs
Suprascapular nerve
36
The subclavian nerve below the suprascapular nerve innervates which muscle
Subclavius
37
Cords of branchial plexus formed by the anterior and posterior divisions accompany which artery
Axillary artery
38
Lateral pectoral nerve innervates
Pectoralis major
39
Upper scapular nerve innervates
Subscapularis muscle
40
Thoracodorsal nerve innervates
Latissimus dorsi
41
Lower scapular nerve innervates (2 muscles)
Subscapularis and teres major
42
Axillary nerve innervates
Deltoid/teres minor
43
Radial nerve innervates
| 2
Posterior compartment of arm/forearm
| Brachioradialis
44
Medial pectoral nerve innervates (2)
Pectoralis major and minor
45
Medial cutaneous nerve to arm innervates
Brachium
46
Medial cutaneous nerve to forearm innervates
Antebrachium
47
The lateral colrd is made from which division (A or P)?
Which trunks? (2) (superior, inferior, or middle)
Anterior division
Superior and middle
48
The posterior cord is formed by which division of all trunks
Posterior
49
The medial cord is formed from which division
Anterior
50
Terminal nerves of lateral cords
Musculocutaneous and median nerve
51
Terminal branches of medial cords
Ulnar And median nerves
52
Subclavian artery passes between the 1st rib and clavicle and is renamed the _
Axillary artery
53
The third part of the subclavian artery divides into the _ and _ arteries
Radial
| Ulnar
54
Radial artery forms _ palmar arch
| Ulnar artery forms _ palmar arch
Deep
| Superficial
55
Ulnar artery gives of _ artery
Common interosseous
56
Muscles of anterior compartment innervated by musculocutaneous nerve:
(3)
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
57
Muscles of anterior compartment
Coracobrachialis and biceps brachii cross the glenohumeral joint whereas the brachialis crosses the
Elbow joint
58
Muscle of posterior compartment
Triceps brachii
59
Boundaries of cubital fossa
```
Lateral
Medial
Superior
Floor
Roof
```
Pronator teres, Brachioradialis, humoral epicondyles, biciptal aponeurosis, brachialis
```
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
2 humoral epicondyles
Brachialis
Bicpital aponeurosis
```
60
Contents of cubital fossa
T (biceps tendon)
A (brachial artery)
N (median nerve)
61
What type of joint is the elbow complex
Uniaxial hinge
62
What muscle does the elbow complex primarily works with
Antebrachium
63
What 3 joints make the elbow complex
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Radioulnar
64
What nerve runs behind the elbow at the funny bone?
Ulnar, thoracodorsal, radial, median, bicipital aponeurosis, musculocutaneous
Ulnar
65
What nerve is at the head of the pronator teres
Ulnar, thoracodorsal, radial, median, bicipital aponeurosis, musculocutaneous
Median
66
Nerve that innervates supinator muscle
Ulnar, thoracodorsal, radial, median, bicipital aponeurosis, musculocutaneous
Radial
67
The bicipital aponeurosis makes up what artery and vein
Brachial artery
| Median vein
68
What tendons define the anatomical snuff box
| 3 pollices
Extensor pollices longus (dorsal medial)
Extensor pollicis brevis (palmar)
Abductor pollices longus (runs with extensor polllicis brevis)
69
What bone is the most fractured in the snuff box
Scaphoid
70
Avulsion by long extensor tendon resulting in hyperflexion of DIP
Mallet, colle’s fracture, ulnar nerve injury, dupuytren’s, median nerve injury, fracture of scaphoid
Mallet finger
71
Progressive fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis resulting in marked flexion of fingers of MP joints
Mallet, colle’s fracture, ulnar nerve injury, dupuytren’s, median nerve injury, fracture of scaphoid
Dupuytren’s contracture
72
Fracture in distal end of radius more common in ppl over 50
Mallet, colle’s fracture, ulnar nerve injury, dupuytren’s, median nerve injury, fracture of scaphoid
Colle’s fracture
73
Loss of thumb opposition, atrophy on thenar muscles, ape hand
Mallet, colle’s fracture, ulnar nerve injury, dupuytren’s, median nerve injury, fracture of scaphoid
Median nerve injury
74
Paralysis of atrophy of interosseous (guttering), loss of hand adduction, clawhand
Mallet, colle’s fracture, ulnar nerve injury, dupuytren’s, median nerve injury, fracture of scaphoid
Ulnar nerve injury
75
Primary curvature at birth, ocnvex, thoracic or sacral
Kyphosis
76
Secondary curvature acquired later, concave, cervical/lumbar
Lordosis
77
How many vertebrae
```
Cervical
Thracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
```
```
7 (8 nerves)
12
5
5
3-4
```
78
Vertebrae for plexuses:
Cervical:
Brachial:
Lumbosacral:
C1-4
C5-T1
L1-S4
79
Conus medullaris of spinal cord ends at what vertebrae
L2
80
Lumbar region goes from
L1-S2
81
Cervical enlargements occur between what vertebrae
C3-T1
82
Vagus nerve _ recurrent hooks around arc of aorta to ligamentum arteriosum
_ recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around _ subclavian artery and arises in neck instead of thorax
Left
| Right
83
The thymus is located in which portion of the mediastinum
- Superior or inferior
- Retrosternal, prevertebral, anterior, posterior, or middle
Inferior, anterior
84
The pericardium is located in which part of the mediastinum
- Superior or inferior
- Retrosternal, prevertebral, anterior, posterior, or middle
Inferior, middle
85
Moderator bands that carry info to papillary muscles are found in what ventricle
Right
86
Respiratory diaphragm openings:
| 3
Caval foramen
Esophageal hiatus
Aortic hiatus
87
Caval foramen
Vertebrae:
IVC accomapied by _ nerve
T8
| Right phrenic
88
Esophageal hiatus
Vertebrae:
Esophagus accompanied by _ nerve
T10
| Vagus
89
Aortic hiatus
Vertebrae:
Aorta accompanied by _ nerve
T12
Greater splanchnic
90
Lobes of lung
_ on R, _ on L
3
| 2
91
Ligament that is remnant of embryonic urachus
Median umbilical fold
92
Remnant of umbilical arteries
Medial umbilical fold
93
Remnant of left umbilical vein
Ligamentum teres
94
Ligamentum teres is located within what ligament
| This ligament attaches liver to anterior abdomen/inferor diaphragm
Falciform ligament
95
3 arteries of ciliac trunk
Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic
96
Veins of portal system (2)
Superior mesenteric
| Splenic vein
97
Artery of celiac trunk that supplies pancreas/greater curvature of stomach
Splenic artery
Common hepatic
Left gastric
Splenic artery
98
Branch of celiac trunk that travels to lesser omentum and anastomosis with artery from hepatic
Splenic artery
Common hepatic
Left gastric
Left gastric artery
99
Branch of celiac trunk that supplies the stomach, liver, gallbladder
Splenic artery
Common hepatic
Left gastric
Common hepatic artery
