Anatomy I Exam 1

Question 1

Cranial-Caudal and Left-Right Axes define which of the following kinds of planes? Coronal Sagittal Parasagittal Transverse

Answer 1

Coronal

Question 2

A median-sagittal plane is described by which of the following two intersecting axes? Cranial Caudal and Left-Right Axes Cranial Caudal and the Anterior-Posterior Axes Left-Right and the Anterior-Posterior Axes None of the above

Answer 2

Cranial Caudal and the Anterior-Posterior Axes

Question 3

While standing in the anatomical position, the palms of the hand are supinated. True False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following organs would not be seen in a mid-sagittal section of the human body? Heart Lungs Intestine Transverse Colon Brain

Answer 4

Lungs

Question 5

The Anterior-Posterior axis serves for the axis of rotation for which of the following movement pairs? Flexion-Extension Abduction-Adduction Circumduction Pronation-Supination

Answer 5

Abduction-Adduction

Question 6

The axis of rotation for flexion and extension is…? Longitudinal or cranial-caudal Left-Right or Transverse Anterior-Posterior None of the above

Answer 6

Left-Right or Transverse

Question 7

The epidermis can best be described as what class of epithelium? Stratified cuboidal Simple columnar Stratified Squamous Transitional

Answer 7

Stratified Squamous

Question 8

Which of the following pairs of terms describes the epidermis? Vascularized–Innervated Avascular–Not Innervated Vascularized–Not Innvervated Avascular–Innervated

Answer 8

Avascular–Innervated

Question 9

“Oil Glands” (Sebaceous Glands) secreting their product directly into the hair follicle are classified with regard to their method of secretion by which of the following terms? Sudoriferous Eccrine Merocrine Holocrine Apocrine

Answer 9

Holocrine

Question 10

What type of epithelium is shown here? Simple Cuboidal Simple Squamous Stratified Squamous Simple Columnar Stratified Columnar

Answer 10

Simple Cuboidal

Question 11

What type of epithelium is shown here? Simple Cuboidal Simple Squamous Stratified Squamous Simple Columnar Stratified Columnar

Answer 11

Simple Columnar

Question 12

White fibrous (dense regular) connective tissue is characterized by highly ordered bundles of collagen fibers separated by narrow compressed nuclei. This type of connective tissue would be most characteristic of which of the following anatomical structures? The matrix of organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes Tendons and Ligaments Tunica Adentitia of blood vessels Umbilical cord

Answer 12

Tendons and Ligaments

Question 13

Wharton’s Jelly is an example of which category of connective tissue? Special Areolar Embryonic Adult Cartilaginous

Answer 13

Embryonic

Question 14

Which of the following types of glycosaminoglycans is the largest of the GAGS, is the only GAG which lacks sulfate groups, and is present in nearly all connective tissues? Hyaluronic Acid Heparin Chondroitin Sulfate Keratan Sulfate

Answer 14

Hyaluronic Acid

Question 15

Which is the predominant type of tissue seen in the photomicrograph below? Loose areolar connective tissue Brown (multilocular) adipose tissue Reticular Connective Tissue White (Unilocular) Adipose Tissue)

Answer 15

White Adipose Tissue

Question 16

Which is the predominant type of tissue seen in the photomicrograph below? Areolar Connective Tissue Brown (Multilocular) Adipose Tissue Reticular Connective Tissue Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

Answer 16

Areolar Connective Tissue

Question 17

Cells that initially lay down cartilage matrix are best identified as which of the following? Chondroclasts Osteoclasts Chondroblasts Chondrocytes Fibroblasts

Answer 17

Chondroblasts

Question 18

Which of the following groups of cells are capable of breaking down bone matrix? Chondroclasts Osteoclasts Chondroblasts Chondrocytes Fibroblasts

Answer 18

Osteoclasts

Question 19

Identify the type of tissue shown in the following photomicrograph. Hyaline Cartilage Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue Areoloar Connective Tissue Compact Bone Spongy Bone

Answer 19

Compact Bone

Question 20

Which of the following would not be classified as a long bone? Femur Humerus Ulna Calcaneus Radius

Answer 20

Calcaneus

Question 21

The patella is an example of which of the following types of bones? Short Long Irregular Sesamoid

Answer 21

Sesamoid

Question 22

The photomicrograph below shows a portion of an epiphyseal (growth plate). Several zones are present representing different stages in the formation of bone. The zone marked “A” is referred to by which of the following? Reserve Zone Proliferative Zone Hypertrophic Zone Vascular Invasion Zone

Answer 22

Proliferative Zone

Question 23

The joint between a tooth and its socket is best described by which of the following? Condyloid Suture Fibrous Syndesmosis Suture and Fibrous

Answer 23

Fibrous

Question 24

Which of the following types of joints is an example of a diarthrosis joint? Condyloid Suture Gomphosis Syndesmosis Suture and Gomphosis

Answer 24

Condyloid

Question 25

In a diarthrosis, which component is more vascularized than the others? Outer fibrous capsule Articular cartilage Ligaments Synovial Membrane

Answer 25

Synovial Membrane

Question 26

During arm (humerus) abduction, the serratus anterior clamps the scapula against the thoracic wall, thereby providing a stable base for the movement of the glenohumeral joint. While engaged in this activity, the serratus anterior muscle would best be described by which of the following terms? Agonist Antagonist Fixator Synergist

Answer 26

Fixator

Question 27

Sequentially flexing, abducting, extending and adducting your arm (brachium) in such a manner that the elbow describes a circular pattern is referred to by which of the following terms? Rotatin Supination Circumduction Reposition Protraction

Answer 27

Circumduction

Question 28

A muscle contraction that results in the lengthening of a muscle would best be described as which of the following? Concentric Eccentric Isometric Concentric and Eccentric Eccentric and Isometric

Answer 28

Eccentric

Question 29

The Connective Tissue membrane that surrounds each fascicle of a skeletal muscle and physically supports blood vessels and nerves supplying the fascicles is referred to by which of the following terms? Perimysium Endomysium Epimysium Endotendineum

Answer 29

Perimysium

Question 30

During the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber, which band(s) DOES/DO shorten? The I band only The A band only The H band only Both the I and A bands Both the I and H bands

Answer 30

Both the I and H bands

Question 31

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding fast-twitch muscle fibers? Fast-twitch fibers have fewer mitochondria than slow-switch fibers Fast-twitch fibers have less myoglobin than slow-switch fibers Fast-twitch fibers are more fatigue-resistant than slow-switch fibers Fast-twitch fibers primarily utilize glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation Fast-twitch fibers have more ATPase than slow-switch fibers

Answer 31

Fast-twitch fibers are more fatigue-resistant than slow-switch fibers

Question 32

Which muscle is contained within the superficial cervical fascia? Latissimus Dorsi Platysma Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Axillary Muscle

Answer 32

Platsyma

Question 33

The diagram below illustrates the lateral cervical triangle. The posterior border of the triangle is marked by the red star, which indicates which of the following muscle landmarks? Anterior border of the trapezius Posterior border of the trapezius Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid Anterior border of the anterior scalene

Answer 33

Anterior border of the trapezius

Question 34

The Axilla is generally described as a truncated pyramid with a quadrangular base. The anterior and posterior borders can be palpated and are created by muscles. The anterior border (anterior axillary fold) of the base of the axilla is formed by which of the following muscles or muscle groups? Pectoralis Major Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major and Pectoralis Minor

Answer 34

Pectoralis Major

Question 35

The cranial end of the embryonic neural tube becomes subdivided into five subdivisions, each of which forms specific parts of the adult brain. The thalamus is derived from which of the following subdivisions? Telendephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metecephalon Myelencephalon

Answer 35

Diencephalon

Question 36

Which of the following terms refers to an aggregation of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses in the central nervous system? Synapse Ganglion Nerve Nucleus

Answer 36

Nucleus

Question 37

A bundle of axons in the CNS is referred to by which of the following terms? Nucleus Tract Ganglion Nerve Gray Matter

Answer 37

Tract

Question 38

A bundle of axons is the PNS is referred to by which of the following terms? Nucleus Tract Ganglion Nerve Gray Matter

Answer 38

Nerve

Question 39

Pre-ganglionic autonomic fibers are carried in the: White rami communicantes Gray rami communicantes Dorsal Spinal Roots Spinal nerves Both B and D

Answer 39

White rami communicantes

Question 40

In the diagram below, representing the cross-section through the spinal cord, sensory neurons would enter at which of the following areas? Posterior Columns Anterior Columns Posterior Horns Lateral Columns Anterior Horns

Answer 40

Posterior Horns

Question 41

How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human vertebral column? Five Six Seven Eight Nine

Answer 41

Seven

Question 42

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are present in the human? Five Six Seven Eight Nine

Answer 42

Eight

Question 43

Which of the following are/is NOT found in the axillary sheath? Axillary artery Axillary vein Axillary lymph nodes Cords of brachial plexus

Answer 43

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 44

The roots of C7 and T1 unite to form the: Middle Trunk Lower Trunk Upper Trunk None of the above

Answer 44

None of the above

Question 45

The lateral cord is formed by the union of the anterior divisions of which of the following trunks? Middle trunk Upper (Superior) Trunk Lower (Lower) Trunk Both A and C Both A and B

Answer 45

Both A and B

Question 46

The anterior compartment of the arm (brachium) contains the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and the brachialis muscle. Which of the following nerves of the brachial plexus supplies the anterior brachium? Ulnar Nerve Median Nerve Radial Nerve Musculocutaneous Nerve Axillary Nerve

Answer 46

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Question 47

This posterior compartment of the brachium (arm) contains the triceps complex. Which of the following nerves supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the brachium? Ulnar Nerve Median Nerve Radial Nerve Musculocutaneous Nerve Axillary Nerve

Answer 47

Radial Nerve

Question 48

Which of the following nerves carries fibers only from spinal cord levels C8, and T1? Radial Ulnar Musculocutaneous Axillary Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm

Answer 48

Ulnar

Question 49

Which of the following nerves are terminal branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? Median and Ulnar Radial and Ulnar Axillary and Radial Long thoracic and Medial Ulnar and Axillary

Answer 49

Axillary and Radial

Question 50

The suprascapular nerve is a direct branch from which of the following subdivisions of the brachial plexus? Root of C5 Superior trunk Middle trunk Lateral Cord Medial Cord

Answer 50

Superior Trunk

Question 51

The sternal angle marks the union of the manubrium and sternebrae. It can be used to identify the location of which of the following landmarks? Clavicular-manubrium joint Site of the first ribs Site of the second ribs Site of the third ribs The apex of the heart

Answer 51

Site of the second ribs

Question 52

The head of the radius articulates with which of the following landmarks? Capitulum of the humerus Scaphoid and lunate bones of the carpus Trochlea of the humerus Fovea of the trochlear process

Answer 52

Capitulum of the humerus

Question 53

Which of the following descriptions best describes the attachments of the interosseous membrane of the forearm? Medial Side of Radius and medial side of ulna Medial side of radius and lateral side of ulna Lateral side of radius and lateral side of ulna Lateral side of radius and medial side of ulna

Answer 53

Medial side of radius and lateral side of ulna

Question 54

Origins of which of the following muscles lie superior and inferior to the spiral (radial) groove of the humerus? Biceps Brachialis Triceps Deltoid

Answer 54

Triceps

Question 55

Which of the following landmarks on the scapula serves as the site of origin for the long head of the biceps brachii? Infraglenoid tubercle Supraglenoid tubercle Scapular tuberosity Coracoid process

Answer 55

Supraglenoid tubercle

Question 56

In the photograph below, ID the process indicated by the letter "H". Superior facet of the greater tubercle Crest of the greater tubercle MIddle facet of the greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Crest of lesser tubercle

Answer 56

Lesser Tubercle

Question 57

In the photograph below, ID the structure indicated by the red star. Trochlea Lateral supracondylar ridge Medial supracondylar ridge Capitulum Olecranon Fossa

Answer 57

Trochlea

Question 58

ID the bone indicated by the red star in the drawing below. Scaphoid Hamate Triquetral Trapezoid Lunate

Answer 58

Scaphoid

Question 59

In the photograph below, ID the muscle that attaches to the large red area (1). Supraspinatus Subscapularis Infraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor

Answer 59

Infraspinatus