Anatomy: Intro to Skeletal, CV, and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards
1
Q
7 locations for pulses? Corresponding vessel?
A
- In the neck inferior to the mastoid bone (carotid artery)
- On the anterior midline aspect of the elbow (brachial artery)
- At the styloid process of the radius lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle (radial artery)
- At the groin (femoral artery)
- In the popliteal fossa (popliteal artery)
- Medial side of the foot and posterior to the medial malleolus (posterior tibial artery)
- On anterior surface of foot (dorsalis pedis artery)
2
Q
5 major arteries of the upper extremity?
A
- Brachial
- Ulnar
- Radial
- Superficial palmar arches
- Deep palmar arches
3
Q
4 types of appendicular bones?
A
- Pectoral girdles
- Upper limbs
- Pelvic girdle
- Lower limbs
4
Q
2 bones of pectoral girdles?
A
- Clavicle
2. Scapula
5
Q
6 bones of upper limbs? Number per limb?
A
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Radius
- Carpals (8)
- Metacarpals (5)
- Phalanges (14)
6
Q
2 bones of pelvic girdle?
A
Pelvic bones
7
Q
7 bones of lower limbs? Number per limb?
A
- Femur
- Patella
- Fibula
- Tibia
- Tarsals (7)
- Metatarsals (5)
- Phalanges (14)
8
Q
% of blood based on location at any given time?
A
- Systemic veins and venules: 64%
- Systemic arteries and arterioles: 13%
- Pulmonary vessels: 9%
- Heart: 7%
- Systemic capillaries: 7%
9
Q
Are there more veins or arteries?
A
VEINS!
10
Q
How long is the ascending aorta?
A
5 cm
11
Q
Vertebral level of thoracic aorta?
A
T5-T12
12
Q
Vertebral level of abdominal aorta?
A
T12-L4
13
Q
Artery for pelvic region?
A
Internal iliac
14
Q
Artery for lower limb?
A
External iliac
15
Q
What blood returns to the heart via the SVC?
A
Blood from all structures above the diaphragm, except lung and heart
16
Q
What blood returns to the heart via the IVC?
A
From all structures below the diaphragm, except gastrointestinal tract
17
Q
What veins form the SVC?
A
- Right brachiocephalic vein
- Left brachiocephalic vein
- Arch of the azygos vein
18
Q
What veins form the brachiocephalic veins?
A
- Internal jugular vein
2. Subclavian vein
19
Q
What veins form the IVC?
A
Right and left common iliac veins
20
Q
Vertebral level at which IVC passes through diaphragm?
A
T8
21
Q
Which veins contain valves that maintain blood flow toward the heart?
A
Superficial veins of upper and lower extremities
22
Q
In which vein are valves prominent?
A
Great saphenous vein
23
Q
Where does the thoracic duct dump?
A
Junction between the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein
24
Q
What drains through the right lymphatic duct?
A
Lymph from the right side of the thorax, the right upper extremity, the right side of the head and neck
25
Where does the right lymphatic duct dump?
Junction between the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein
26
What nerves accompany the axillary artery?
Brachial plexus
27
At what point does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
When it emerges from the axilla
28
At what point does the brachial artery become the radial and ulnar arteries?
Beyond the elbow after the cubital fossa
29
Where does the radial artery course?
Down the level of the styloid process of the radius
30
What are the 2 principal veins of the upper extremity? Where does each begin?
1. Basilic vein: medial side of the hand
| 2. Cephalic vein: lateral side of the hand
31
At what point does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
At the lateral edge of the 1st rib
32
From what vein do the basilic and cephalic veins arise?
Dorsal venous arch of the hand
33
Radius: medial or lateral?
Lateral
34
Ulna: medial or lateral?
Medial
35
What is the median cubital vein?
Connecting channel that runs upward and medially from the cephalic vein to the basilic vein
36
Where and how does the basilic vein join the brachial vein?
It passes along the medial side of the arm and pierces the deep fascia about 8-10 cm above the elbow
37
Where and how does the cephalic vein join the axillary vein?
It passes along the lateral side of the arm and enters the deltopectoral groove between the pectoralis major muscle and deltoid muscle. It pierces the fascia of the deltopectoral triangle to join the axillary vein
38
4 main structures in axilla?
1. Axillary artery
2. Axillary vein
3. Lymph nodes
4. Brachial plexus
39
Where are the major lymph nodes of the upper extremity located?
1. Axillary region
| 2. Cubital region
40
5 groups of axillary lymph nodes?
1. Apical
2. Central
3. Subscapular (posterior)
4. Pectoral (anterior)
5. Humeral (lateral)
41
Which part of the breast do axillary nodes drain?
Upper lateral quadrant
42
Where does the external iliac become the femoral artery?
When it passes posterior to the inguinal ligament to enter the thigh
43
How does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?
It passes through the adductor hiatus to enter the popliteal fossa
44
What does the popliteal artery split into?
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
45
From what artery does the dorsalis pedis artery come from?
From the anterior tibial artery
46
Which arteries form the plantar arterial arches?
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
47
What is the largest superficial vein of the lower extremity?
Great saphenous vein
48
From what vein does the great saphenous vein arise?
From the medial side of the dorsal venous arch
49
Where does the great saphenous vein pass as it crosses the ankle joint?
It passes anterior to medial malleolus of the tibia
50
Where does the great saphenous vein pass in the leg and thigh?
It courses posterior to the medial aspect of the knee and along the medial aspect of the thigh
51
Where does the great saphenous vein join the femoral vein?
Approximately 5 to 10 cm below the inguinal ligament, the great saphenous vein passes through the opening of the fascia lata, called the saphenous hiatus and joins
52
What is the accessory saphenous vein?
Vein that passes along the medial aspect of the upper thigh and joins the great saphenous vein before it pierces the fascia lata
53
From what vein does the the small saphenous vein arise?
From the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch
54
Which vein does the small saphenous vein join?
Popliteal vein
55
Where does the small saphenous pass the ankle joint?
It passes posterior to the lateral malleolus into the posterior aspect of the leg
56
What does the popliteal vein become?
It becomes the femoral vein
57
What vein does the great saphenous vein join?
The femoral vein
58
Where are the main lymph nodes of the lower limb located?
Inguinal region and popliteal region
59
What are the 2 types of superficial inguinal lymph nodes? Where is each located?
1. Horizontal: they parallel the inguinal ligament and are located about 2 cm below it
2. Vertical: they pass along both sides of the great saphenous vein near the saphenous hiatus
60
What are the 2 sets of veins in the limbs? Explain.
1. Deep: parallels the arterial system; therefore, the veins of the deep system are named similarly to the arteries
2. Superficial
61
What is elephantitis?
Parasite attacks lymph nodes causing huge lymphedemas
62
What tendon is directly medial to the radial artery at the wrist joint?
Tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle
63
Which arteries contributes to the deep and superficial palmar arches?
Radial artery (deep MAINLY) and ulnar arteries (superficial mainly)
64
Is the head of the radius proximal or distal?
Proximal
65
Is the head of the ulna proximal or distal?
Distal
66
How many carpal bones articulate with the radius? Which ones?
2
Scaphoid and lunate bones
67
What is the inguinal ligament attached to?
Pubic tubercle and ASIS
68
What is the fibular artery?
Branch of the anterior tibial artery that runs more lateral
69
In between which 2 structures does the anterior tibial artery pass?
Tibia and fibula
70
What does the anterior tibial artery pass under before giving rise to dorsalis pedis artery?
Retinaculum (connective tissue)
71
Which tarsal bone articulate with the fibula and tibia?
Talus
72
Does the femur articulate with both the tibia and fibula?
NOPE, only tibia
73
Which bone does the medial malleolus belong to?
Tibia
74
Which bones does the lateral malleolus belong to?
Fibula
75
Which tarsal is the heel bone?
Calcaneus
76
Which is more lateral from anterior view: greater or lesser tubercle of humerus?
Greater
77
What fits in the olecranon fossa of the humerus?
Ulna
78
Where is the trochlea location on the humerus?
Inferior to the olecranon fossa
79
Is the olecranon fossa on the anterior or posterior side of the humerus?
Posterior
80
How to find the capitulum of the humerus?
Anterior view, lateral protrusion
81
Difference between anatomical and surgical neck of humerus?
Anatomical is more superior
82
What does the spine of the scapula connect?
Acromion to the rest of the bone
83
What does the coracoid process of the scapula articulate with?
Humerus and clavicle
84
Which vein connects to the axillary: basilic or cephalic vein?
Cephalic
85
How many phalanges do the thumb and big toe have? Name them.
2: proximal and distal
86
How many phalanges do the fingers and toes other than the thumb and big toe have? Name them.
3: proximal, middle, distal
87
Which part of hip bone articulates with femur?
Acetabulum
88
Which part of hip bone does the greater sciatic notch belong to?
Ilium
89
Which part of hip bone does the lesser sciatic notch belong to?
Ischium
90
Which is more medial: tibia or fibula?
Tibia
91
Are the condyles of the tibia proximal or distal?
Proximal
92
Are the condyles of the humerus proximal or distal?
Distal
93
Are the condyles of the femur proximal or distal?
Distal
