Anatomy Lab 1 Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
what are the features of the frontal bone?
A
- frontal sinus
- supraorbital foramen/notch
2
Q
what are the features of the occipital bone?
A
- foramen magnum
- occipital condyles
- external occipital protuberance
- hypoglossal canal
- jugular foramen
3
Q
- located on the most anterior portion of the cranium
- referred to as the forehead
A
frontal bone
4
Q
-on the most posterior and inferior aspect of the cranium
A
occipital bone
5
Q
what are the features of the temporal bone?
A
- zygomatic process
- mastoid process
- styloid process
- stylomastoid foramen
- mandibular fossa
- external acoustic meatus/canal
- internal acoustic meatus/canal
- carotid canal
6
Q
- located on the lateral sides of the cranium
- separated form the parietal bones and sphenoid bones by the sqaumous suture
A
temporal bones
7
Q
what are the features of the sphenoid bone?
A
- sphenoid sinus
- sella turcica
- hypophyseal fossa
- optic canals
- clinoid process
- superior orbital fissure
- inferior orbital fissure
- foramen rotundum
- foramen ovale
- foramen spinosum
- foramen lacerum
8
Q
- bat-like shaped bone within the cranium
- a small part of it can be viewed on the external cranium–between the temporal bone and frontal bone on the lateral side of the cranium
A
sphenoid bone
9
Q
what are the features of the ethmoid bone?
A
- ethmoid sinus
- crista galli
- cribiform plate
- perpendicular plate
- nasal conchae (superior and middle)
10
Q
can be found within the nasal cavity as well as inside the cranial cavity
A
ethmoid bone
11
Q
located along the midline, in the most anterior aspect of the frontal bone, just superior to the nose
A
frontal sinus of the frontal bone
12
Q
two holes located just superior to the orbit (eyesocket)
A
supraorbital foramen/notch of the frontal bone
13
Q
- two of them
- located posterior to the frontal bone
- separated by sagittal suture
A
parietal bones
14
Q
the largest hole in the base of the skull and serves as a passageway for the brain stem
A
foramen magnum of the occipital bone
15
Q
two smooth, rounded bumps located immediately lateral on both sides of the foramen magnum
A
occipital condyles of the occipital bone
16
Q
- bump located on the posterior side of the cranium, just superior to the base of the skull
- level with your ears
A
external occipital protuberance of the occipital bone
17
Q
just superior to the lateral sides of the foramen magnum
A
hypoglossal canals of the occipital bone
18
Q
- larger holes superior to the hypoglossal canals
- jelly bean shaped
A
jugular foramen of the occipital bone
19
Q
- on the anterior side of the temporal bone
- contributes to the zygomatic arch
A
zygomatic process of the temporal bone
20
Q
- posterior to the external acoustic meatus
- rounded protrusion that extends inferiorly off the posterior temporal bone
- looks like a thumb
A
mastoid process of the temporal bone
21
Q
- located just medial to the mastoid process on the inferior aspect of the skull
- a long skinny and pointed projection off of the inferior temporal bone
- looks like a stylus
A
styloid process of the temporal bone
22
Q
located between the mastoid process and the styloid process
A
stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone
23
Q
the smooth indentation located just anterior to the external acoustic canal
A
mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
24
Q
- on the external side of the temporal bone
- located just posterior to the temporomandibular joint
A
external acoustic meatus/canal of the temporal bone
25
an opening located on the posterior aspect of the petrous temporal bone, just superior to the jugular foramen in the occipital bone
internal acoustic meatus/canal of the temporal bone
26
- on the anterior aspect of the petrous temporal bone, just lateral to the junction between the occipital and sphenoid bones
- lies adjacent to the foramen lacerum
- turned at an angle
carotid canal of the temporal bone
27
- can be seen in a sagittal section of the skull
| - small cavity located just below the sella turcica and posterior to the nasal cavity
sphenoid sinus of the sphenoid bone
28
found in the center of the sphenoid bone along the midline and is saddle-like in shape
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
29
the dip in the center of the sella turcica
hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone
30
openings located just anterior and slightly lateral to the sella turcica and are bounded on the lateral sides by processes that stick out and point toward the sella turcica
optic canals of the sphenoid bone
31
processes that stick out and point toward the sella turcica
clinoid process of the sphenoid bone
32
- large elongated slit inside the orbit
| - more superior, adjacent to the optic canal
superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone
33
- large, elongated slit
| - more inferior, opens into the space under the skull
inferior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone
34
located just posterior to the superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone
35
- posterior and lateral to the foramen rotundum
| - larger hole and oval shaped
foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone
36
- posterior and lateral to foramen ovale
| - smaller hole
foramen spinosum of the sphenoid bone
37
just lateral to the sella turcica and directly adjacent to the carotid canal
foramen lacerum of the sphenoid bone
38
small protrusion located along the midline
crista galli of the ethmoid bone
39
- just lateral to, and on both sides of the crista galli
- contains tiny holes located throughout
- forms superior border of the nasal cavity
cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
40
an inferior extension of the ethmoid bone along the midline of the nasal cavity and forms the superior part of the nasal septum
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
41
curling, bony shelves extending from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
nasal conchae (superior and middle) of the ethmoid bone
42
- separates parietal bones
| - courses down the midline of the cranium
sagittal suture
43
separates the frontal bone from the two parietal bones
coronal suture
44
- forms upside down v-shape
| - separates the two parietal bones from the occipital bone
lambdoid suture
45
separates the temporal bones from the parietal bones and sphenoid bones
squamous suture
46
- separates frontal bone during development
| - fuses at 9 onths and closes at 6-8 years
metopic/frontal suture
47
- located between coronal and sagittal sutures
| - closes at 1.5-2.5 years
anterior fontanelle
48
- located between sagittal and lambdoid sutures
| - closes at 2-3 months
posterior fontanelle
49
- between coronal and squamous sutures
- by temples
- closes at 6 months
sphenoidal fontanelle
50
- located between lambdoid and squamous sutures
| - closes at 6 months-1.5 years
mastoid fontanelle
51
what are the facial bones?
- lacrimal bone
- nasal bone
- vomer
- inferior nasal conchae
- zygomatic bone
- maxilla
- mandible
52
what is a feature of the lacrimal bone?
nasolacrimal canal
53
what are the features of the maxilla?
- maxillary sinus
- infraorbital foramen
- anterior nasal spine
- alveolar process
54
what are the features of the mandible?
- alveolar process
- mental foramen
- ramus
- mandibular notch
- condylar process
- coronoid process
- mandibular foramen
55
located within the medial wall of the orbit
lacrimal bone
56
small hole found within the lacrimal bone
nasolacrimal canal
57
- two small ones
| - located on the superior aspect of the nose, just below the frontal bone
nasal bone
58
- the bone that forms the inferior par of the nasal septum
| - articulates with perpendicular plate
vomer
59
the bottom of the 3 bony shelves that project off the lateral sides of the nasal cavity
inferior nasal conchae
60
- cheek bones
| - form the lateral walls and inferior borders of the orbits
zygomatic bone
61
extends from the lateral border of the zygomatic bone and contributes to the zygomatic arch
temporal process
62
large cavities contained within the maxilla on the lateral sides of the nose/nasal cavity
maxillary sinuses of the maxilla
63
two small holes located just inferior and slightly medial to the orbit
infraorbital foramen of the maxilla
64
- small bony protrusion along the midline, off the anterior aspect of the vomer
- contains an upraised line extending down toward the alveolar process
anterior nasal spine of the maxilla
65
the inferior ridge of the maxilla that contains the tooth sockets for the upper row of teeth
alveolar process of the maxilla
66
the ridge of bone projecting superiorly and containing the tooth sockets for the lower jaw
alveolar process of the mandible
67
- two small holes
| - located just lateral to the midline of the mandible on the anterior side (chin)
mental foramen of the mandible
68
the entire flattened portion that makes up the lateral side of the mandible
ramus of the mandible
69
small dip/notch located between the condylar and coronoid processes
mandibular notch of the mandible
70
- the most posterior and superior projection
| - more rounded and larger process
condylar process of the mandible
71
-more anterior, pointy, and smaller process
coronoid process of the mandible
72
openings on the inside/deep side of the mandibular ramus
mandibular foramen of the mandible
73
one large bone that forms the upper jaw
maxilla
74
one large bone that forms the lower part of the jaw
mandible
75
what are the typical features found on vertebrae?
- body
- spinous process
- transverse process
- vertebral foramen
- superior articular fact
- inferior articular facet
- pedicle
- lamina
76
- large, thickened portion of the vertebrae
| - align on top of each other and form the most anterior aspect of the vertebral column
body
77
- posterior side of each vertebrae
- a bony process that sticks out
- angled in the inferior direction
spinous process
78
most lateral projections of each vertebrae
transverse process
79
large hole located between the vertebral body and the spinous process
vertebral foramen
80
two articular processes with facets found on the superior side of the vertebrae
superior articular facet
81
two articular processes with facets on the inferior side of the vertebrae
inferior articular facet
82
region of bone located between the transverse process and the vertebral body
pedicle
83
region of bone located between the transverse process and the spinous process
lamina
84
- located within the neck
- extend from the base of the skull down to the level of the shoulders
- have smaller bodies
- 7 of them
- have transverse foramen
cervical vertebrae
85
- lacks vertebral body and spinous process
| - has anterior and posterior arch
atlas (C1)
86
- has a dens
| - underneath the atlas
axis
87
- located below the cervical vertebrae
- extend from the shoulders to the middle back
- have costal facets
- look like giraffes from the back
- 12 of them
thoracic vertebrae
88
- small smooth surfaces found on the anterior side of transverse processes
- two small grooves on posterior aspect of vertebral bodies
- only on thoracic vertebrae
costal facets
89
- middle back to hips
- largest vertebrae
- dont have costal facets
- 5 of them
lumbar vertebrae
90
- large triangular shaped bone with the wider end being the most superior
- has a curve to it
- made of 5 fused bones
sacrum
91
what are the features of the sacrum?
- sacral promontory
- sacral canal
- sacral foramina
- auricular surface
92
- most anterior projection at the midline
| - along superior border of the anterior side
sacral promontory of the sacrum
93
- large circular passageway along posterior side of the sacrum
- continuation of the vertebral canal
sacral canal of the sacrum
94
pairs of smaller holes just lateral to the midline
sacral foramina of the sacrum
95
- two large, rough surfaces on the lateral sides of the sacrum
- joins with pelvis
auricular surface of the sacrum
96
- tailbone
- doesnt have any typical vertebrae features
- 4 fused bones
coccyx
97
- present during fetal development and birth
- curved in direction of the anterior
- thoracic and sacral
primary curvature
98
- formed later during development because of increasing muscle ability
- curved toward posterior
- cervical and lumbar
secondary curvature
99
- ribs 1-7
| - directly articulate with the sternum by way of the costal cartilages
true ribs
100
- ribs 8-10
| - articulate with the costal cartilage for rib pair 7
false ribs
101
- rib pairs 11-12
| - do not articulate with the sternum or costal cartilage
floating ribs
102
what are the parts of ribs?
- head
- neck
- tubercle
- body
- costal groove
103
- bumpy end of the rib
| - joins with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae
head of rib
104
just lateral and adjacent to the head
neck of rib
105
- lateral and distal to the neck of the neck of the rib
| - small bump on the posterior side
tubercle of rib
106
-majority of the rib bone
body of rib
107
- long groove that extends down the length of the medial side of the body of the rib
- on inferior side
costal groove of rib
108
serves as the anterior attachment for ribs through costal cartilages
sternum
109
what are the parts of the sternum?
- manubrium
- jugular notch
- body
- xiphoid process
110
- most superior part of sternum
| - square shaped
manubrium of sternum
111
- small dip on the superior end of the manubrium along the midline
- between collar bones
jugular notch of the manubrium of the sternum
112
- in the middle of the sternum
- largest part
- attachment for costal cartilages and ribs
body of sternum
113
- smallest part of sternum
- triangular
- on inferior end
xiphoid process of sternum
114
- floating bone
- only bone in the body that doesnt join with another bone
- inferior to mandible
- at the top of our neck
hyoid
115
what are the parts of the hyoid?
- lesser horns
| - greater horns
116
- bony protrusions located more anteriorly
| - inside the curve of the bone
lesser horns of hyoid bone
117
-located more posteriorly at each end of the curve
greater horns of the hyoid bone
