Anatomy Lecture 12: Anterior & Medial thigh muscles & asynch

Question 1

Deep fascia of the thigh:

Answer 1

Fascia late divided into three compartments:

-Anterior (extensor) compartment
-Medial (adductor) compartment
-Posterior (flexor) compartment

Question 2

Psoas Major:

Answer 2

O: Bodies of TPs of L1-L5

I: lesser trochanter of femur

A:
1) flex of hip
2) lat. rotation of thigh
3) flex of trunk
4) lat. flex of trunk
5) Anterior tilt of pelvis

N: Lumbar plexus (L1,2,3)

Question 3

Iliacus:

Answer 3

O: iliac fossa, sacral ala

I: Lesser trochanter of femur

A:
1) flex of thigh
2) lat. rotation of thigh
3) Anterior tilt of pelvis

N: Femoral nerve

Question 4

Muscle contracture of this muscle and its role on lumbar hyper lordosis:

Answer 4

Psoas Major

Question 5

Muscles of the anterior (extensor) compartment:

Answer 5

Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris:
-Rectus femoris
-Vastus lateralis
-Vastus medialis
-Vastus intermedius

Question 6

Sartorius:

Answer 6

O: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

I: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms pes anserine tendon)

A:
1) Flex @ hip & knee
2) abd @ hip
3) lat. rot. @ hip
5) med. rot. @ knee

N: Femoral N.

Question 7

Rectus femoris:

Answer 7

O:
-Anterior head: AIIS (straight)
-Post. head: Groove above the brim of acetabulum (reflected)

I: Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon & then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

A:
1) Ext @ knee
2) Flex @ thigh

N: Femoral nerve

Question 8

Vastus Lateralis:

Answer 8

O:
-intertrochanteric line
-Gluteal tuberosity
-Lateral lip of linea aspera

I: Lateral border of patella via quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament (tendon)

A: Ext. @ knee

N: Femoral N.

Question 9

Vastus medialis:

Answer 9

O:
-Intertrochanteric line
-Medial lip of linea aspera
-Medial supracondylar line

I: medial border of patella via quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

A: Ext. @ knee

I: Femoral N.

Question 10

Vastus Intermedius:

Answer 10

O: Anterior & lateral surfaces of body of femur

I: base of patella via quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

A: Ext @ knee

N: Femoral N.

Question 11

Articularis genus:

Answer 11

O: anterior surface of lower part of the body of femur

I: upper part of the capsule and synovial membrane of the knee joint

A: It elevates the capsule and the synovial membrane of the knee joint and prevents them from being pinched during extension of the leg.

Question 12

Medial compartment of thigh muscles:

Answer 12

Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis

Question 13

Pectineus:

Answer 13

O: pectineal line of pubis

I: Pectineal line of femur

A: Add & flex @ hip

N: Femoral N.

Question 14

Adductor longus:

Answer 14

O: anterior surface of pubis

I: Middle part of linea aspera

A: Add., flex., lat. rot. @ hip

N: Obturator N.

Question 15

Adductor brevis:

Answer 15

O: body & inferior ramus of pubis

I: proximal 1/3 of linea aspera of femur

A: Add., flex., lat. rot. @ hip

N: Obturator N.

Question 16

Adductor magnus:

Answer 16

O:
Ant head: Ischiopubic ramus (adductor part)

Post. head: Ischial tuberosity (hamstring or ischial part)

I:
Ant. head: (adductor part)
-Linea aspera
-Gluteal tuberosity
-Medial supracondylar line

Post. Head: (hamstring or ischial part)
Adductor tubercle

A: Add. Flex., Ext., Lat. rot. @ hip

N:
Ant. head (pubic): Obturator N.
Post. head (Hamstring or ischial): Tibial N.

Question 17

Adductor hiatus:

Answer 17

Femoral artery & vein pass through the adductor hiatus of adductor magnus.

Question 18

Gracilis:

Answer 18

O:
-body of pubis
-Inferior ramus of pubis

I: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms pes anserine)

A:
1) add., & flex. @ hip
2) flex., & med. rot. @ knee

N: Obturator N.

Question 19

Adductor muscle notes:

Answer 19

Patients with cerebral palsy: muscles are spastics, hence scissors gait (need tenotomy)

Role of gracilis is surgical reconstruction.

Adductor magnus is also known as 4th hamstring.

Question 20

Pes anserine:

Answer 20

Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus attach to the upper medial side of the tibia in a three-pronged pattern.

Their combined tendons make up the pes anserine.

Question 21

Femoral triangle:

Answer 21

Clinical correlation:

Borders: “SAIL”
-Sartorius
-Adductors
-Inguinal ligament

Contents: “NAVEL”
-Nerve
-Artery
-Vein
-Empty space
-Lymph

Question 22

Femoral canal:

Answer 22

Inverted cone shaped fascial space medial to the femoral vein w/in the upper femoral triangle.

It’s only 1-2cm long & opens superiorly as the femoral ring. Mainly serves to allow the femoral vein to expand when there is increased venous return from the lower limb.

Question 23

Femoral hernia:

Answer 23

Question 24

Lag deep fascia:

Answer 24

Question 25

Gastrocnemius:

Answer 25

O: -Med. head: Medial condyle of femur -Lat. Head: Lateral condyle of femur I: Achilles tendon A: 1) Plantar flex. of foot 2) Flex. @ knee N: Tibial N.

Question 26

Soleus:

Answer 26

O: -Soleal line of tibia -Head of the fibula -Proximal posterior surface of body of fibula I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) A: Plantar flex. of foot N: Tibial N.

Question 27

Gastrocnemius & Soleus muscle notes:

Answer 27

-Triceps surae -Fabella -Gastro & soleus role in venous return; 2nd heart of the body -DTR of S1 is calcaneal tendon

Question 28

Plantaris:

Answer 28

O: Lower part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of femur I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles) A: Plantar flex foot flex @ knee N: Tibial N.

Question 29

Flexor hallucis longus:

Answer 29

O: inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane I: Distal phalanx of big toe A: 1) flex. of big toe @ MTP & IP 2) Plantar flex. of foot @ ankle 3) Inversion of foot @ subtalar j. N: Tibial N.

Question 30

Flexor digitorum longus:

Answer 30

O: middle 1/3 of tibia I: base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5 A: 1) flex of toes 2-5 @ MTP & PIP & DIP 2) Plantar flex. of foot @ ankle 3) Inversion of foot @ subtalar j N: Tibial N.

Question 31

Tibialis posterior:

Answer 31

O: proximal of posterior surface of tibia, fibula, and interosseous I: -2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals -Navicular -All 3 cuneiforms -Cuboid -Calcaneus A: 1) plantar flex. foot @ ankle 2) Inversion of foot @ subtalar j. N: Tibial N.

Question 32

Popliteus:

Answer 32

O: lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur I: above the soleal line on the posterior tibia A: 1) flex @ knee 2) med. rot. @ knee N: Tibial N.

Question 33

Popliteus muscle notes:

Answer 33

-role in un-locking the knee -acts on the lateral meniscus

Question 34

Arrangement of the anatomical structures passing behind the medial malleolus:

Answer 34

Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry

Question 35

Popliteal fossa:

Answer 35

Question 36

Tibialis Anterior:

Answer 36

O: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia & interosseus membrane I: 1st (medial) cuneiform Base of 1st metatarsal A: 1) dorsiflex of foot @ ankle 2) Inversion of foot @ subtalar J. N: Deep fibular (peroneal)

Question 37

Extensor hallucis longus:

Answer 37

O: middle 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane I: base of distal phalanx of big toe A: 1) Ext. of big toe @ MTP & IP 2) Dorsiflex of foot @ ankle 3) Inversion of foot @ subtalar J. N: deep fibular (peroneal)

Question 38

Extensor digitorum Longus:

Answer 38

O: -lat condyle of tibia -proximal 2/3 of ant. surface of fibula -interosseous membrane I: middle & distal phalanges of toes 2-5 (via dorsal digital expansion) A: 1) Ext. of toes 2-5 @ MTP and IP 2) Dorsiflex of foot @ ankle 3) Eversion of foot @ subtalar J. N: Deep fibular (peroneal)

Question 39

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius:

Answer 39

O: distal 1/3 of ant. surface of fibula & interosseous mem. I: base of 5th metatarsal A: 1) dorsiflex of foot @ ankle 2) Eversion of foot @ subtalar J N: Deep fibular (peroneal)

Question 40

Compartment syndrome:

Answer 40

swelling of muscles cause compression of nerves and blood vessels

Question 41

Fibularis (peroneus) longus:

Answer 41

O: -head of fibula -proximal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula I: -base of the 1st metatarsal -1st cuneiform A: 1) Eversion of foot @ subtalar J 2) Plantar flex. of foot @ ankle N: Superficial Fibular (peroneal)

Question 42

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis:

Answer 42

O: distal 1/2 of lat. surface of fibula I: Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal A: 1) eversion of foot @ subtalar j 2) Plantar flex. of foot @ ankle N: Superficial fibular (peroneal)

Question 43

Peroneal (fibularis) muscle notes:

Answer 43

-Peroneal (fibularis) muscles as a group, 1 in front of lateral malleolus, & two behind -Their action at the ankle joint is different.