Anatomy & Localisation Flashcards
(23 cards)
How many cranial nerves are there
There are 12 cranial nerves supplying sensory or motor function to the body
List Cranial nerves 1-3
o 1=Olfactorynerve
o 2 = Optic nerve
o 3 = Oculomotor nerve
List cranial nerves 3-6
o 4 = Trochlear nerve
o 5 = Trigeminal nerve
o 6 = Abducens nerve
List cranial nerves 7-9
o 7=Facialnerve
o 8 = Vestibulocochlear nerve
o 9 = Glossopharyngeal nerve
List cranial nerves 10-12
o 10 = Vagus nerve
o 11=Accessorynerve
o 12 = Hypoglossal nerve
What does the trigeminal nerve do
It carries afferent/sensory fibres from 3 regions of the face via Ophthalmic, Maxillary and mandibular branches
It transmits general sensory information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
It innervates the muscles of mastication
(Contains efferent fibres too)
Trigeminal ganglion houses what
It houses the cell bodies of the afferent fibres
Which nerves emerge from the cerebrum and not the brain stem
Olfactory nerve
Optic nerve
The diencephalon sits on top of the brain stem connecting it to the..
Cerebral hemisphere
What is the Thalamus
Thalamus: made up of several nuclei. Relay station between parts of the CNS
What is the hypothalamus
Hypothalamus: made up of several nuclei. Autonomic and endocrine functions
What is the epithalamus
Epithalamus: Includes pineal gland (secretes melatonin, regulates sleep/wake cycl
What is the subthalamus
o Subthalamus: Involved in motor control
Some sulci are used to divide the specific hemispheres into lobes:
o Parietal lobe: Sensory cortex, language, comprehension, and spatial orientation
o Frontal lobe: Motor cortex, regulating emotions
o Temporal lobe: Auditory cortex, regulates emotions
o Occipital lobe: Visual cortex
Primary projection areas:
What happens at sensory areas
Specific sensory pathways terminate here
Primary projection areas:
What happens at motor areas
Major descending motor pathways originate here
What is
Secondary association cortex:
Areas outside primary projections that are needed for functions more complex than basic sensory stimulation
Secondary sensory areas
Receive input from primary areas
Involved in interpretation and understanding
Secondary motor areas
Send output to primary motor areas
Organise patterns of movement
Secondary auditory area
- found in the..
Found in the left hemisphere, specialised for linguistic function.
o Broca’s area: Anterior, motor, production of words
o Wernicke’s area: Posterior, sensory, understanding
Aphasia
The inability (or impaired ability) to understand or produce speech, because of brain damage
Broca’s aphasia:
Broca’s aphasia: Non-fluent with meaning
Wernicke’s aphasia:
Wernicke’s aphasia: Fluent with no meaning
