Anatomy Of A Cell

Question 1

Cytoskeleton

Answer 1

Structure: A network of proteins that defines the shape of a cell.

Function: helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization.

Question 2

Centrioles

Answer 2

Structure: Centrioles come in pairs and is the area of the cell near the nucleus.

Function:Help guide the movement and separation of chromosomes during cell division.

Question 3

Mitochondria

Answer 3

Structure: Tubular shaped structure.

Function:Are responsible for making ATP, the universal carrier of energy within cell. (Known as the powerhouse of the cell)

Question 4

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 4

Structure:A set of membranous discs in the cytoplasm, usually between the plasma membrane.

Function:a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further packed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations.

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

Structure: sphere-shaped sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes.

Function:the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest components of the cell itself.

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Structure: Large enzymes made of polypeptides.

Function: site of protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 7

Rough ER

Answer 7

Structure: series of convoluted, flattened like membrane sheets that arise near the nucleus and extend across the cytoplasm.

Function: production, folding, quality control and transportation of some proteins.

Question 8

Smooth ER

Answer 8

Structure: tube-like structure.

Function: synthesizes and transports lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids.

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Structure: a spherical-shaped organelle

Function: control of the genetical information of the cell and thus the heredity characteristics of an organism.

Question 10

Passive Transport

Answer 10

Does not require energy. Uses diffusion-the movement of material from where it is concentrated to a place where it is less concentrated.

Question 11

Active Transport

Answer 11

Does require energy because it involves making a substance go where it doesn’t want to go .

Question 12

Osmosis

Answer 12

diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential.

Question 13

Simple Diffusion

Answer 13

does not require the assistance of membrane protein.

Question 14

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 14

does not require the assistance of membrane protein.

Question 15

Plasma Membrane

Answer 15

defines the outer shell of a cell.

Role: keeps in the inside of the cell in and the outsides of the cell out, and controls what passes through the cell. It is a phospholipid bilayer. It contains cholesterol and a variety of proteins.

Question 16

Cytoplasm

Answer 16

Inside the membrane and contains everything BUT the nucleus.

Question 17

Channel Proteins

Answer 17

a transmembrane protein that have a hollow central pore or channel that allows water and small charged particles such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride to pass in and out.

Question 18

Glycoproteins

Answer 18

proteins with a carbohydrate group attached. The carbohydrate group projects into the extracellular fluid.

Question 19

Membrane pump protein

Answer 19

a transmembrane protein that actively move ions and/or solutes against a concentration or electrochemical gradient across biological membranes.