Anatomy of Bones and Joints Flashcards
Describe (or adopt) the anatomical position
- Standing upright
- Head facing forward (anteriorly)
- Upper limbs by sides, palms facing anteriorly, fingers together
- Lower limbs straight, heels together, toes directed anteriorly
- In males: erected penis
Considering the anatomical position; describe the spatial position superior/inferior
Superior - top
Inferior - bottom
Considering the anatomical position; describe the spatial position proximal/distal
Proximal - closer to head
Distal - closer to toes
Considering the anatomical position; describe the spatial position lateral/medial
Lateral - further away from the midline
Medial - Towards the midline
Describe the median anatomical plane
Down the midline (body perfectly symmetrical on left and right)
Describe the frontal anatomical plane
Down the midline (body cut from front to back)
Describe the transverse anatomical plane
Perpendicular rotation of frontal/medial plane
Cross-sectional anatomy is always observed from what direction
Inferior position (essentially looking up from the feet)
What is a joint?
Union between two or more rigid components (bone or cartilage) also called articulation
Why do we need joints?
Movement and growth
What are the three structural classifications of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
Describe fibrous joints and give an example
Dense fibrous tissue with high tensile strength (little movement in adults) - e.g. syndesmosis (interosseous membrane)
How many types of cartilage are there?
Two
What are the types of cartilage called?
Synchondroses (primary) and Symphyses (secondary)
Describe synchondroses cartilaginous joints
Allow for bone growth - ossify in adulthood - made solely of hyaline cartilage
