Anatomy of bones, joints, muscles & nerves

Question 1

What is the bony arrangement for Axial skeleton

Answer 1

• RIbs
• Sternum
• Vertebral column, sacrum and coccyx
• Cranium

Question 2

What is the bony arrangement for Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

• Bones of upper & lower limbs
• Pectoral and pelvic gridles

Question 3

Name the structure of a synovial joint

Answer 3

• Articular cartilage on articular surface
• Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
• Synovial membrane which produces the fluid
  Articular capsule

Question 4

Name the 6 types of synovial joints, an example and their type of movement

Answer 4

1. Hinge joint - Elbow - Flexion/Extension
2. Pivot - Neck - Rotation
3. Plane - Intercarpal joints (wrist) Intertarsal (foot) - Slide
4. Condyloid (ellipsoid) - Biaxial (side to side, up & down) - wrist & finger joint
5. Saddle - Biaxial - up & down, back & forth -

Question 6

Describe the function of the spinal cord

Answer 6

• continuous with the brain
• receives afferent fibres from sensory receptors of the trunk and fibres
• controls movements of the trunk and limbs
• provides autonomic innervation for most of the viscera

Question 7

What are the different structures s of the spinal cord and its function

Answer 7

Sensory neurone: enter spinal cord to periphery
Eg. Touch sensation index from finger tip

Motor neurone: exiting spinal cord to go to periphery e-g carry motor information to innovate biceps muscle in arm

Spinal nerve: contains both motor and sensory neurones. Lies in intervertebral foramen