Anatomy of Chest Wall

Question 1

What is Boyle’s law?

Answer 1

Pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume

Question 2

What is Dalton’s law?

Answer 2

The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures of the individual gases

Question 3

What is Charles’ law?

Answer 3

The volume occupied by a gas is directly proportional to temperature

Question 4

What is Henry’s law?

Answer 4

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is determined by the pressure of the gas and its solubility in the liquid

Question 5

What is the main muscle involved with breathing?

Answer 5

The diaphragm

Question 6

What is the hilum of the lung?

Answer 6

The area where vessels enter and leave the lung

Question 7

What are the pleural membranes and what do they line?

Answer 7

Parietal - Outer membrane, lines ribs and diaphragm

Visceral - inner membrane, lines the lungs themselves

Question 8

Are the Visceral and parietal membranes continous?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What is the space between the pleura called?

Answer 9

The pleural space/cavity

Question 10

How much pleural fluid is in the pleural cavity?

Answer 10

3mls

Question 11

Are the pluera cavities of each lung continuous with each other?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What is the purpose of the pleural fluid?

Answer 12

Helps the pleura stick together and allows them to glide along each other - reduces friction

Question 13

Why are the lungs attached to the diaphragm?

Answer 13

If they weren’t then the movement of the diaphragm would have no effect on lung volume

Question 14

What is pleurosy?

Answer 14

Inflammation of the pleura which causes great pain on breathing due to the loss of lubrication on the pleura - increased friction

Question 15

Which Pleura is pain sensitive?

Answer 15

Visceral

Question 16

How many lobes does each lung have?

Answer 16

Left - 2

Right - 3

Question 17

What does PiP stand for?

Answer 17

Intrapleural pressure

Question 18

Is PiP positive or negative in healthy people?

Answer 18

Negative

Question 19

How does the body deal with an increased respiratory load?

Answer 19

Recruits extra muscles to help with breathing

Question 20

Why does breathing occur?

Answer 20

Because the thoracic cavity changes in volume

Question 21

How do gases move?

Answer 21

High pressure to low pressure

Question 22

What muscles are used for inspiration?

Answer 22

Diaphragm and intercostals

Question 23

Is expiration passive or active?

Answer 23

Passive unless under extreme respiratory load

Question 24

How does the diaphragm move in inspiration?

Answer 24

It descends to increase thoracic volume

Question 25

How do the intercostal muscles move the ribs in inspiration?

Answer 25

The ribs move outward and upward

Question 26

Why is expiration difficult during asthma?

Answer 26

Bronchial smooth muscle inappropriately contracts and increases resistance

Question 27

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 27

A break in the pleural space, which allows atmospheric air in which increasing the pressure causing the lung to collapse

Question 28

What does PA stand for?

Answer 28

Alveolar pressure

Question 29

What does Pa stand for?

Answer 29

Arterial pressure