Anatomy of CVS Flashcards by Claire Ross

what does the mediastinum not contain

lungs

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where does superior mediastinum end

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anterior relation of heart

sternum and costal cartilages 4-7

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posterior relation of heart

oesophagus and descending aorta

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lateral relation of heart

plaura and phrenic nerve

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inferior relation of heart

central tendon of diaphragm

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what vertebrae does the heart lie anterior to

T5-T8

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where does the apex of the heart sit

and what is it made from

5th left intercostal space

midclavicular line

formed by the left venrticle

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what forms the: right border of the heart

right atrium

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what forms the: left border of the heart

left ventricle

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what forms the: superior border of the heart

auricles and great vessels

SUPERIOR so only the Great Vessels and their auricals can sit there

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what forms the: inferior border of the heart

right atrium

right and left ventricles

it’s inferior so needs all 3 to keep it up

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what forms the: anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart

⅓ right atrium

⅔ right and left ventricle

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what forms the: inferior (diaphragmatic) surface of the heart

right and left ventricle

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what forms the: posterior surface (base) of the heart

left atrium

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outer layers of heart

(from myocardium and out)

serous: visceral pericardium (epicardium)

pericardial space

serous: perietal pericardium
fibrous: dense connective tissue pericardium

opposite alphabetic order: Visceral- perietal- fibrous

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where does the left and right coronary artery come from

left and right aortic sinus of ascending aorta

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where does the left and right coronary artery run

coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus

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what does the right coronary artery turn into

right marginal artery

posterior descending artery

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what does the left coronary artery divide into

left anterior descending artery

circumflex artery

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where do anastomoses occur

all on posterior surface of heart

ant+posterior descending

circumflex and RCA

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Left coronary artery division: what does the circumflex artery supply

supplies left atrium and left ventricle

circumFLEXING to th LEFT

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Left coronary artery division: what does the anterior descending artery supply

right and left ventricle

interventricular septum

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what does the right coronary artery supply

right atrium

right ventricle

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what does the left marginal artery supply

left ventricle

what does the right marginal artery supply

right ventricle and apex

great cardiac vein lies along side

ant interventricular artery ANTERIOR as it's great so important ventricular as thats the main bit of heart so also important

middle cardiac vein lies along side

post interventricular artery

small cardiac vein lies alongside

right marginal artery marginal so small

where do all cardiac veins drain into and where does it lie

coronary sinus lying alongside circumflex artery

coronary sinus drains into

right atrium

anterior cardiac vein drains directly into

right atrium

heart’s inherent rate of contraction is set by

purkinje cells in SA node altered by ANS

what does the phrenic nerve innervate and what can it do

fibrous pericardium parietal pericardium carries pain

what does the vagus nerve do and what does it supply

**parasympathetic** innervation of heart and visceral pericardium

what do the sympathetic nerves come from and what do they supply

cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia (T1-4) heart and visceral layer of serous pericardium

3 tunic of blood vessels

tunica intima, media, externa/adventitia IMA/IME

what makes up the endocardium and tunica intima

Epithelium + BM + Connective tissue

what makes up the myocardium and tunica media

muscle and elastic tissue

what makes up the epicardium and tunica externa

fibrous connective and epithelium

what heart layer: * Lines heart chambers * Simple squamous epithelium sitting on basement membrane * Sits on connective tissue * Forms valves

endocardium

what heart layer: * Cardiac muscle (Myocytes) –branching fibres * Striated muscle, lots of mitochondria, single central nucleus * Rich capillary bed * Muscle bundles in different planes (spiral) to close down chamber lumen * Myocytes connected by intercalated discs

myocardium

what heart layer: * Simple squamous epithelium + BM + Connective tissue * Epithelium = visceral layer of serous pericardium * Epicardium contains main branches of coronary arteries * May be fatty

epicardium

artery structure

* Thick muscle wall * Smaller, rounded * Thin adventitia

vein structure

* Thin muscle wall * Larger, flattened * Thick adventitia * Valves –to prevent back flow = endothelial projections into lumen

elastic arteries

large conducting –eg: aorta, common carotid,pulmonary elastic fibres in T media in the form of laminae secreted by smooth muscle cells

muscular arteries

distributing arteries –eg: coronary arteries, radial, femoral thick smooth muscle T media 2 well defined sheets called the internal elastic lamina (IEL) just under epithelium, and the thin external/outer elastic lamina (OEL)between T.media& T. adventitia

arterioles

* Only 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in T. media * No IELor EEL * No T. adventitia * Rich sympathetic nerve innervation * Control blood flow to capillary beds (local) * Control blood pressure (systemic)

capillary structure

very thin T. intima No T. media No T. adventitia Pericytes low BP

what are pericytes

incomplete layer of cells surrounding capillary -have contractile properties which control blood flow

types of capillaries

* continuous * * fenestrated * * discontinuose

what are sinusoids

* Large diameter discontinuous capillaries * Found where large amount of exchange takes place- like the liver * T. intima contains phagocytic cells

whats Arteriovenous (AV) shunts and how are they made

Bypasses capillary beds Eg.in skin for thermoregulation by precapillary sphincter

what forms vein valves

tunica intima

superficial vs deep veins

_Superficial:_ Thick walled No surrounding support _Deep:_ Thin walled Surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles Superficial veins drain into deep veins DVT

where does lymphatics drain into

venous system

lymph capillaries

* Blind-ended capillaries * Lined by very thin endothelium * Anchoring filaments –fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open

what are continuous cappilaries and where are they found

controls exchange found in muscle

what are fenestrated cappilaries and where are they found

has pores, filters molecules by MW/charge found in endocrine glands and kidney

what are discontinuous cappilaries and where are they found

cappilaries with large gaps in membrane that allow passage of anything found in liver , bone marrow and spleen

Anatomy of CVS Flashcards

(60 cards)