Anatomy of Female GT

Question 1

From which the bony pelvis is formed?

Answer 1

It’s formed of:
1- Two hip bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis).
2- Sacrum.
3- Coccyx.

Question 2

The pelvis is divided into true and false pelvis by what?

Answer 2

By ileopectineal line.

Question 3

Give the border of true pelvis.

Answer 3

Anteriorly and laterally pubis, and ischial spine.

Posteriorly sacrum and coccyx.

Question 4

Give the border of false pelvis.

Answer 4

Anteriorly abdominal wall.
Laterally ischial fossa.
Posteriorly lumbar spine.

Question 5

What is the shape of male and female pelvis?

Answer 5

Male is android pelvis while female is gynecoid.

Question 6

Give the border of the pelvic inlet and its diameter.

Answer 6

Anteriorly superior aspect of pubic symphysis.
Laterally ileopectineal line.
Posteriorly sacral promontory.
Its diameter:
AP diameter is 11-12 cm.
Transverse diameter is 13 cm which the widest part.

Question 7

Give the border of the pelvic outlet and its diameter.

Answer 7

Anteriorly inferior aspect of pubic symphysis and ischiopubic rami.
Laterally ischial tuberosities and sacrotuberous ligaments.
Posteriorly caudal sacrum and coccyx.
Its diameter:
AP diameter is 13 cm between the pix of pubic arch to the scare-coccygeal joint.
Transverse diameter is 10.5-11 cm between two ischial spines.

Question 8

What are the major pelvic ligaments?

Answer 8

1- Sacrospinous ligament.

2- Sacrotuberous ligament.

Question 9

What are the main muscles of pelvic diaphragm (floor)?

Answer 9

1- Levator ani muscle.

2- Coccygeus muscle.

Question 10

Mention the muscles that compose elevator ani.

Answer 10

1- Pubococcygeus muscle.
2- Puborectalis muscle.
3- iliococcygeus muscle.

Question 11

Mention the triangles of the perineum.

Answer 11

1- Anterior or urogenital triangle.

2- Posterior or anal triangle.

Question 12

What is the perineal body?

Answer 12

Midline attachment between the anal canal and the vagina

Question 13

Mention the spaces of the urogenital triangle.

Answer 13

1- Superficial perineal space.
2- Deep perineal space.

They are divided by a fibromuscular septum called urogenital diaphragm.

Question 14

What are the structures in the superficial perineal space?

Answer 14

1- Muscles:
    a- ischiocavernosus.
    b- bulbocavernosus (sphincter of vagina).
    c- superficial transverse perninei.
2- Bartholin's gland.
3- Vestibular bulb.

Question 15

What are the structures in the deep perineal space?

Answer 15

1- Deep transverse perineal muscle.

2- Sphincter urethra.