Anatomy Of Flowering Plants [NCERT]

Question 1

The meristems which occur at the tips of roots and shoots and
produce primary tissues are called

Answer 1

apical meristems

Question 2

During the
formation of leaves and elongation of stem, some cells ‘left behind’ from
shoot apical meristem, constitute the

Answer 2

axillary bud.

Question 3

Axillary Buds are present in the axils of leaves and are capable of forming

Answer 3

a branch or a flower.

Question 4

The

meristem which occurs between mature tissues is known as

Answer 4

intercalary

meristem

Question 5

Both apical meristems and intercalary meristems are

primary meristems because .

Answer 5

they appear early in life of a plant and

contribute to the formation of the primary plant body

Question 6

The meristem that occurs in the mature regions of roots and shoots of
many plants, particularly those that produce woody axis and appear
later than primary meristem is called

Answer 6

the secondary or lateral meristem.

Question 7

Lateral Meristem are..

Answer 7

cylindrical meristems. Fascicular vascular cambium,
interfascicular cambium and cork-cambium are examples of lateral
meristems. These are responsible for producing the secondary tissues.

Question 8

the newly formed cells become structurally and functionally

specialised and lose the ability to divide. Such cells are termed

Answer 8

permanent

or mature cells and constitute the permanent tissues

Question 9

During the
formation of the primary plant body, specific regions of the apical meristem
produce

Answer 9

dermal tissues, ground tissues and vascular tissues.

Question 10

Permanent tissues having all cells

similar in structure and function are called

Answer 10

simple

tissues.

Question 11

Permanent tissues having many different

types of cells are called

Answer 11

complex tissues

Question 12

A simple tissue is made of only —— type of cells.

Answer 12

one

Question 13

The various simple tissues in plants are

Answer 13

parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma

Question 14

_______ forms the major

component within organs

Answer 14

Parenchyma

Question 15

The cells of the

parenchyma are generally

Answer 15

isodiametric.

Question 16

The walls of Parenchyma are

Answer 16

thin and made

up of cellulose.

Question 17

Shape of Parenchyma

Answer 17

They
may be spherical, oval, round, polygonal or
elongated in shape

Question 18

parenchyma packaging?

Answer 18

They may either be closely packed

or have small intercellular spaces

Question 19

The

parenchyma performs various functions like

Answer 19

photosynthesis, storage, secretion.

Question 20

The _____ occurs in layers below the
epidermis in most of the dicotyledonous plants. It is
found either as a homogeneous layer or in patches.

Answer 20

collenchyma

Question 21

collenchyma consists of cells which are

Answer 21

much thickened at the
corners due to a deposition of cellulose,
hemicellulose and pectin.

Question 22

Collenchymatous cells

may be

Answer 22

oval, spherical or polygonal and often

contain chloroplasts.

Question 23

intercellular spaces in collenchyma?

Answer 23

absent

Question 24

function of collenchymtous cells

Answer 24

provide mechanical support to the
growing parts of the plant such as young stem and
petiole of a leaf.

Question 25

Sclerenchyma consists of

Answer 25

long, narrow cells with thick and lignified cell walls having a few or numerous pits

Question 26

Sclerenchyma cells are dead/alive, w/ or w/o protoplast?

Answer 26

usually dead, without protoplasts

Question 27

sclerenchyma may be either

Answer 27

fibres or sclereids

Question 28

sclerenchyma fibres are

Answer 28

thick-walled, elongated and pointed cells, generally occuring in groups, in various parts of the plant.

Question 29

sclerenchyma sclereids are

Answer 29

spherical, oval or | cylindrical, highly thickened dead cells with very narrow lumen.

Question 30

Sclerenchyma provides

Answer 30

mechanical support

Question 31

The complex tissues are made of _____ type of cells | and these work together as a unit

Answer 31

more than one

Question 32

__________ constitute the complex tissues in plants.

Answer 32

Xylem & Phloem

Question 33

Xylem is composed of

Answer 33

tracheids, vessels, xylem | fibres and xylem parenchyma.

Question 34

Gymnosperms lack which Xylem component (s)

Answer 34

Vessels.

Question 35

Function of Xylem

Answer 35

conducting tissue for water and minerals from roots to the stem and leaves. It also provides mechanical strength to the plant parts

Question 36

In flowering plants, ___________ are the main water transporting elements

Answer 36

tracheids | and vessels

Question 37

Tracheids, dead/alive, w/ or w/o protoplasm?

Answer 37

dead, w/o protoplasm

Question 38

Basic shape/str. of Tracheids?

Answer 38

Tracheids are elongated or tube like cells with | thick and lignified walls and tapering ends.

Question 39

The presence of vessels is a characteristic feature | of

Answer 39

angiosperms

Question 40

__________ have highly thickened walls and | obliterated central lumens

Answer 40

Xylem fibres

Question 41

shape/str. of xylem vessel

Answer 41

Vessel is a long cylindrical tube-like structure made up of many cells called vessel members, each with lignified walls and a large central cavity.

Question 42

do vessel cells have protoplasm?

Answer 42

no

Question 43

Vessel members are interconnected through ______________________

Answer 43

perforations in their | common walls

Question 44

Xylem fibres are septate or aseptate?

Answer 44

either

Question 45

___________ (xylem) cells are living and thin-walled,

Answer 45

Xylem parenchyma

Question 46

Xylem parenchyma cells are made up of

Answer 46

cellulose

Question 47

xylem parenchyma store food in the form of

Answer 47

in the form of starch or fat, and other substances like | tannin

Question 48

The radial conduction of water takes place by the

Answer 48

ray | parenchymatous cells.

Question 49

Primary xylem is of two types –

Answer 49

(first formed) protoxylem and | (later formed) metaxylem

Question 50

in stems, the protoxylem lies towards the

Answer 50

centre (pith)

Question 51

in stems, the metaxylem lies towards the

Answer 51

periphery of the organ

Question 52

in roots, the protoxylem lies towards the

Answer 52

periphery

Question 53

in roots, the metaxylem lies towards the

Answer 53

centre

Question 54

Protoxylem towards centre & metaxylem towards periphery, such arrangement of primary xylem is called

Answer 54

endarch

Question 55

metaxylem towards centre & protoxylem towards periphery, such arrangement of primary xylem is called

Answer 55

exarch

Question 56

Phloem in angiosperms is composed of

Answer 56

sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres

Question 57

Phloem transports

Answer 57

Food materials usually from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Question 58

Phloem in gymnosperms have

Answer 58

Albuminous cells and sieve cells. [they LACK sieve tubes and companion cells.]

Question 59

Basic shape/str. of Sieve tube elements-

Answer 59

long, tube-like structures, arranged longitudinally . Their end walls are perforated in a sieve-like manner to form the sieve plates

Question 60

Sieve tube elements are | associated with the

Answer 60

companion cells

Question 61

A mature sieve element | possesses,

Answer 61

a peripheral cytoplasm and a large vacuole but lacks a nucleus.

Question 62

The functions of sieve tubes are controlled by the

Answer 62

nucleus of companion | cells.

Question 63

The sieve tube elements | and companion cells are connected by

Answer 63

pit fields present between their | common longitudinal walls

Question 64

_________ help in maintaining the | pressure gradient in the sieve tubes

Answer 64

The companion cells

Question 65

Phloem parenchyma is made up | of

Answer 65

elongated, tapering cylindrical cells which have dense cytoplasm and nucleus.

Question 66

The cell wall of Phloem Parenchyma is composed of

Answer 66

of cellulose and has pits through which | plasmodesmatal connections exist between the cells.

Question 67

The phloem | parenchyma stores

Answer 67

food material and other substances like resins, latex | and mucilage.

Question 68

Phloem parenchyma is absent in most of the

Answer 68

monocotyledons.

Question 69

Phloem fibres (bast fibres) are made up of

Answer 69

sclerenchymatous cells.

Question 70

Phloem fibres are generally absent in ______________ but are found in ______________

Answer 70

primary phloem; secondary phloem

Question 71

Basic shape/str. of Phloem fibres -

Answer 71

These are much elongated, | unbranched and have pointed, needle like apices. Thick cell wall.

Question 72

What happens to Phloem Fibres at maturity

Answer 72

these fibres lose their protoplasm and | become dead.

Question 73

Phloem fibres of _________________ are used commercially

Answer 73

jute, flax and hemp

Question 74

The first formed primary phloem consists of narrow sieve tubes and is called

Answer 74

protophloem

Question 75

later formed phloem has bigger sieve | tubes and is called

Answer 75

metaphloem.

Question 76

On the basis of their structure and location, there are 3 types of tissue systems.

Answer 76

1. Epidermal tissue system 2. The ground or fundamental tissue system 3. vascular or conducting tissue system.

Question 77

The epidermal tissue system forms the

Answer 77

outer-most covering of the whole | plant body

Question 78

The epidermal tissue system comprises of

Answer 78

epidermal cells, stomata and the epidermal | appendages – the trichomes and hairs

Question 79

The outermost layer of primary plant body

Answer 79

The Epidermis.

Question 80

Epidermis is made up of

Answer 80

elongated, compactly arranged cells, which form a continuous layer. Usually single-layered.

Question 81

The outside of the | epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer called the

Answer 81

cuticle

Question 82

cuticle prevents

Answer 82

loss of water

Question 83

cuticle is absent in

Answer 83

roots

Question 84

In grasses, | the guard cells are

Answer 84

dumb-bell shaped.