anatomy of foot and ankle/lower leg Flashcards
what 3 bones make up the ankle joint?
what type of joint is this?
what ligaments do all of these joints have?
what movement does it produce?
what other joint is in the foot?
what bones is it between?
what movement?
fibula, tibia, tallus
hinge
collateral
dorsiflexsion, plantar flexsion
subtalar joint
tallus and calcaneous
inversion and eversion
what are the posterior leg muscles nerve?
what movement do they produce?
tibial nervre
plantarflexsion and inversion
what are the anterior lower leg muscles supplied by?
what movements do they produce?
deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexsion
what nerve supplies the lateral leg muscles?
what movement do they produce?
superficial fibular nerve
eversion, plantarflesion (as they run behind mallealous)
is the ankle joint stable?
why is eversion more limited then inversion?
why can we dorsiflex and plantarflex a lot?
why is the plantarflexed position less stable?
yes
deltoid ligaments on medial side are strong so limit eversion more
not many ligaments on anterior and posterior of joint capsule and also the capsule is more slack here
the articular surface of tallus is narrower posteriorly so less stable = more injury in plantarflexed position
how do muscles contribulte to the stability of the ankle?
tendons from the leg muscles create a stirrup around the foot to support it and creates arches
fibularis longus tendon = lateral side
tibialis anterior and posterior tenson = medial side
what is the tarsal tunnel?
what makes up the tunnel?
what runs through the tunnel A to P
where tendons and neurovascular bindle run and enter the foot
flexor retinaculum - holds vessels in place and creates tunnel
Tom, Dick, Very, Nervous, Harry
tibularis posterior tendon, digitorum longus tendon, posterior tibial artery, vein, tibial nerve, hallucis longus tendon
what main nerves innervate the digits of the sole of the foot?
medial plantart nerve = 3.5 toes
lateral plantar nerve = 1.5 toes
what ligaments are in the medial ankle?
Deltoid ligaments
- tibiocalcaneal
- tibionavicular
- anterior and posterior tibiotalar
what are the lateral ligaments of the ankle ?
bone of foot - fibular
- anterior and posterior talofibular
- calcaneoufibular
what is the popliteal fossa?
what neurovascular bundle runs through here?
what muscle makes the lateral boundary?
what muscle makes the medial boundary?
what muscle makes the inferior medial boundary?
what muscle makes teh inferior lateral boundary?
diamond shaped space behind the knee
tibial and common fibula nerve, popliteal vein and artery (both femoral)
biceps femoris
semitendinosus and membranosus
medial head of gastrocnemius
lateral head of gastrocnemius
what is the pes anserinus?
what muscles are involved?
it is the convergence point of 3 muscles from 3 different origins innervated by 3 different nerves on the medial side of knee
sartorius - anterior
gracillus - medial
semitendonosus - medial/posterior
Say Grace before Tea
what are the 3 main muscles in the anterior lower leg?
blood supply?
- extensor digitorum longus
- tibialis anterior
- extensort halluicis longus
T H U D
Tibilais, Hallucis, Digitorum
anterior tibial artery
what 2 main muscles are on the lateral lower leg?
- fibularius longus
- fubularis bervis
what are these muscles?
red = extensor digitorum longus
green = tibialis anterior
pruple = extensor allucis longus
what are these muscles?
blue = fibularis longus
yellow = fibularis brevis
what are these muscles?
yellow = gastrocnemius
green = soleus
what are these muscles?
bronze = popliteus
green = flexor digitorum
red = tibilais posterior
blue = flexor hallucis longus
deep muscles of posterior lower leg
what is the names of these boney groups?
blue = tarsals
red = metatarsals
green = phalanges (2 on big toe, 3 on rest of toes)
what are these bones?
purple = calcaneous
yellow = tallus
green = cuboid
blue = navicular
red = 3 cuniforms (medial, intermediate and lateral)
