anatomy of kidney

Question 1

What kidney sits lower than the other

Answer 1

Right sits lower than left

Question 2

What is the level of the kidneys

Answer 2

T12/13

Question 3

How many supporting tissue layers surround each kidney

Answer 3

3

Question 4

name the 3 supportive layers

Answer 4

renal fascia, renal capsule and adipose capsule

Question 5

describe the renal capsule

Answer 5

A thin fibrous sac made of irregular tissue that maintains the kidney shape and protects it from trauma

Question 6

Describe the adipose capsule

Answer 6

layer of fat that surrounds renal capsule. Protects and supports kidney

Question 7

Describe the renal fascia

Answer 7

Anchors kidneys to the peritoneum and posterior wall. Provides kidney anchorage

Question 8

What is the renal cortex

Answer 8

the outer layer of the kidney

Question 9

what is found at the renal cortex

Answer 9

glomeruli

Question 10

what occurs at the renal cortex

Answer 10

ultrafiltration

Question 11

What type of arteries are found in the renal cortex

Answer 11

arcuate and inaccurate arteries ad veins.

Question 12

What type of nephrons are found in renal cortex

Answer 12

cortical nephrons

Question 13

What is the renal column an extension of

Answer 13

the renal cortex

Question 14

what is the function of the renal column

Answer 14

to anchor the renal cortex

Question 15

What part of the kidney is the renal medull

Answer 15

The inner section

Question 16

What structures are found in the renal medulla

Answer 16

renal pyramids

Question 17

Why does the renal medulla appear striated

Answer 17

parts of loop of hence
collecting tubules of cortical nephrons
tubular system of juxtamedullar nephrons

Question 18

Where do renal calyces empty into

Answer 18

renal pelvis and ureter

Question 19

what are the 2 types of calyces you can get

Answer 19

major and minor

Question 20

what is the pathway of urine?

Answer 20

Real pyramids drain into minor and major calyces, drain into renal pelvis, empties into ureter

Question 21

What do minor calyces surround

Answer 21

renal pyramids

Question 22

What forms a major calyce

Answer 22

many minor calyces

Question 23

what forms the renal pelvis

Answer 23

many major calyces uniting

Question 24

Why are renal pyramids striated

Answer 24

due to nephron loops and collecting tubes

Question 25

where do renal pyramids terminate

Answer 25

in minor calyce

Question 26

Whatare renal papilla

Answer 26

Tips of renal pyramids that protrude into minor calyce

Question 27

where is the renal pelvis located

Answer 27

at the hilllium

Question 28

what is the function of renal pelvis

Answer 28

collects urine from major calyces and drains to the ureter

Question 29

Describe a juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 29

long loop of henle

Question 30

what 2 types of nephrons can you get

Answer 30

cortical and juxtamedullary

Question 31

What are the functions of nephrons

Answer 31

to perform osmoregulation and remove waste from the body

Question 32

Describe a cortical nephron

Answer 32

short loop of henle

Question 33

Describe a cortical nephron

Answer 33

short loop of henle

Question 34

name the 2 parts of a nephron

Answer 34

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 35

what does the renal corpuscle surround

Answer 35

the glomerulus which is surrounded by the bowman capsule

Question 36

What isthefunction of renal tubule

Answer 36

connects to collecting ducts that collect urine

Question 37

describe the pathway of renal veins

Answer 37

Interlobular arcuate interlobar renal

Question 38

Describe the pathway of renal arteries

Answer 38

``` renal segmental interlobar arcuate interlobular ```

Question 39

describe renal capilarries

Answer 39

interlobular artery enters the cortex where it divides into branches called afferent arterioles. Each nephron receives an arteriole. Arteriole divides to form a plexus

Question 40

Name some functions of the kidney

Answer 40

regulation of osmolarity, regulation of ion conc., produces hormones, excretion of toxins/water

Question 41

draw and describe the loop of henle (nephron structure)

Answer 41

k

Question 42

draw structure of kidney

Answer 42

f

Question 43

Draw and explain the loop of henle

Answer 43

d

Question 44

Where does glucose resorption occur

Answer 44

the proimal tube

Question 45

What part of bladder controls voluntaary urination

Answer 45

external urethral sphincter controlled by the pudenal nerve

Question 46

Define dysplasia

Answer 46

When cells become abnormal

Question 47

Define metaplasia

Answer 47

Abnormal change in tissue number

Question 48

What epithelia is present in the bladder

Answer 48

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