Anatomy of KUB Flashcards
(21 cards)
State 3 functions of the urinary system
Excretion
Elimination
Regulation of volume and solute
Blood pressure regulation (ACE)
State the location of the kidneys.
PAW at T12/-L3
Which kidney is superior and why?
Left kidney is usually superior due to the Right kidney having the Liver superior
In relation to the peritoneum, where are the kidneys situated?
Retroperitoneal
State the 3 connective tissue layers of the kidney.
Fibrous capsule = collagen fibres covering outer surface of kidney.
Perinephric fat = WAT acting as a shock absorber
Renal fascia = fibrous layer anchoring kidneys anteriorly to peritoneum, posteriorly anchoring to PBW.
Outline the macroscopic structure of the kidney.
10x5x2
Reddish brown
Hilum = indentation, point of entry
Outer cortex, inner medulla
Note: Renal lobe = unit of pyramid + cortex
Renal columns divide the medulla up, through the renal pyramids (6-18)
Ducts within each renal papilla discharge urine into minor calyx, then into major calyx where it meets urine from other renal lobes.
The urine descends into the renal pelvis and out at the ureters.
Outline the perfusion of the kidneys.
A renal artery supplies each kidney (L2).
Renal artery divides into segmental arteries then interlobar arteries.
Interlobular arteries supply blood to arcuate arteries giving rise to cortical radiate arteries.
What are the Ureters?
Pair of hollow muscular tubes propelling urine from kidneys to bladder.
They are retroperitoneal structures.
What is the route of the ureters?
Begin at the ureteropelvic junction, descending inferiorly, ureters cross common iliac vessels at pelvic brim and then pierce bladder obliquely at the vesicoureteric junction.
Which muscle do the ureters adhere closely to when descending?
Psoas major
Outline the 3 most common sites of urinary obstruction in the ureters.
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)
Pelvic brim
Vesicoureteric junction (VUJ)
State the 4 surfaces of the bladder.
Superior
Inferolateral
Posterior
What shape is the bladder?
Tetrahedral
Which fibrous cord allows the apex of the bladder to connect to the anterior abdominal wall?
Medial umbilical ligament
What is the name of the thickened mucosa present between the vesicoureteric junction and the urethra?
Smooth trigone
What is the smooth trigone?
thickened mucosa present between the vesicoureteric junction and the urethra
What allows distension of the bladder?
Rugae
Sphincters
State 3 differences between the male and female urethra.
Male is longer
4 parts to male: pre-prostatic, prostatic, membranous, spongy
Muscle surrounds - corpus spongiosum
Female shorter thus more likely to infect
Female, bladder shares pelvic cavity with uterus and vagina.
Which tissue surrounds the spongy urethra in the penis?
Corpus spongiosum
Which muscle surrounds the corpus spongiosum?
Bulbospongiosus
Outline the sphincters in the urethra.
Internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle/ involuntary control)
External sphincter (immediately after external urethral sphincter
