Anatomy of Liver and Biliary Tree

Question 1

primordial gut

Answer 1

developing endogastointestinal system in embryo
its blood vessels are derived from yolk sac: Coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric artery

Question 2

foregut

Answer 2

supplies: oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, part of duodenum and pancreas
supplied by: coeliac artery/trunk

Question 3

midgut

Answer 3

supplies: distal duodenum, small bowel, ascending colon, part of transverse colon
supplied by: superior mesenteric artey

Question 4

hindgut

Answer 4

supplies: rest of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

Question 5

liver function and postition

Answer 5

absorbed all nutrients from GI tract via hepatic portal vein (except lipids)
stores glycogen, secretes bile, detoxifies substances such as drugs

underneath ribs 5-10 right side (apex below nipple)
gallbladder at edge of 9th costal cartilage

liver is attached to diaphragm with ligaments and can move with it

Question 6

parts of liver

Answer 6

can be seen as left, right, caudate and quadrate lobes
or as 8 hepatic segments
because each of these segments is supplied by an individual branch of the hepatic artey/portal vein/ duct

Question 7

porta hepatis

Answer 7

part of liver where vessels and ducts enter and leave
includes: portal vein, hepatic duct, hepatic artery

Question 8

blood supply of liver

Answer 8

hepatic portal vein and artey carry blood to liver
hepatic veins carry blood away from liver into IVC

Question 9

lymphatic drainage from liver

Answer 9

produces lots of lymph so they drain into hepatic lymph nodes which drain into coeliac lymph nodes which are then taken to thoracic duct
superior regions of liver drain lymph into thoracic lymph nodes which drain into hepatic veins
inferior regions of liver drain lymph into abdominal lymph nodes which drain via the capsule

Question 10

nerve supply of liver

Answer 10

coeliac plexus supplies hepatic plexus (parasympathetic/ sympathetic) supply liver with impulses to carry out function such as vasoconstriction of vessels

Question 11

biliary tract

Answer 11

carry bile from liver to duodenum
bile produced in liver and stored in gall bladder
right and left hepatic duct combine to make common hepatic duct which combines with cystic duct to form bile duct

Question 12

gall bladder

Answer 12

3 parts- fundus, body, neck
supplied by cystic duct which is supplied by cystic artery (from right hepatic artery)