Anatomy of Nervous System

Question 1

What is the role of the brain

Answer 1

Receives, processes and evaluates many kinds of input, decides on the response needed, and acts on that

Question 2

What is involuntary activity in the brain controlled by?

Answer 2

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 3

What is voluntary activity in the brain controlled by

Answer 3

Somatic Nervous System

Question 4

What is the brain protected by?

Answer 4

The skull, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 5

What are the meninges

Answer 5

Continuous connective tissue membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

What does CSF do?

Answer 6

Provides a cushion for spinal cord

Question 7

What does CSF look like?

Answer 7

Clear, almost colourless

Question 8

How much CSF is produced and reabsorbed each day?

Answer 8

Approx. 500mls

Question 9

Where is CSF formed, where does it go?

Answer 9

Formed in brain ventricles, flows to subarachnoid space, circulates around brain and spinal cord, returns to venous blood

Question 10

What are the two brain hemispheres separated by

Answer 10

Fissure

Question 11

What are the four main lobes of the brain

Answer 11

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 12

Where does each hemisphere control voluntary movement

Answer 12

On the OPPOSITE side of the body

Question 13

What is the dominant hemisphere in the body

Answer 13

The one that controls language, most often left hemisphere

Question 14

What is the Broca’s area

Answer 14

Motor or expressive speech area. Controls the output of verbal and written words, and ensures they are coordinated

Question 15

Where is Broca’s area located

Answer 15

Left frontal area

Question 16

What is the Wernicke’s Area

Answer 16

Integration centre that comprehends language received, both written and spoken. Has connective fibres to visual and auditory areas

Question 17

Where is Wernicke’s area located

Answer 17

Posterior temporal lobe

Question 18

What is the Limbic system responsible for

Answer 18

Emotional reactions and feelings. Linked to the hypothalamus which is responsible for autonomic responses associated with emotions

Question 19

What does the Diencephalon contain

Answer 19

Thalamus and they hypothalamus

Question 20

What is the thalamus

Answer 20

Main nerve bodies that serve a sorting and relay station for incoming sensory impulses

Question 21

What does the Hypothalamus do

Answer 21

Key role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. Regulates body temp, intake of food and fluid and regulation of sleep

Question 22

What does the brain stem contain

Answer 22

Pons, medulla oblongata, Reticular activating system

Question 23

What does the medulla Oblongata do?

Answer 23

Regulates respiratory, and cardiovascular function

Question 24

RAS- Reticular Activating System

Answer 24

Determines the degree or arousal or awareness of the cerebral cortex.

Question 25

Function of the cerebellum

Answer 25

Coordinates movement and maintain posture and equilibrium.

Question 26

What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood in the brain

Answer 26

It collects in the dural sinuses, then drains into the jugular veins and returns to the heart

Question 27

How is blood supplied to the brain

Answer 27

Carotid arteries that branch into smaller arteries

Question 28

What is the circle of Willis

Answer 28

Structure in the brain that supplies blood to the brain. Ensures flow remains unimpeded in case any principal supplies are damaged

Question 29

What are cranial nerves

Answer 29

Pairs of nerves that originate in the brain stem and pass into them skull to serve structures in the head and neck. May consist of motor fibre, sensory fibres, or both

Question 30

What are Olfactory responsible for (1)

Answer 30

Sensory and smell

Question 31

Optic nerve (2)

Answer 31

Sensory, vision

Question 32

Oculomotor nerve (3)

Answer 32

Motor, eye/ eyelid movements

Question 33

Trochlear nerve (4)

Answer 33

Motor, eye movements

Question 34

Trigeminal (5)

Answer 34

Sensory, motor, eye, nose, face, oral cavity, teeth, speech muscles

Question 35

Abducens nerves(6)

Answer 35

Motor, eye movements

Question 36

Facial nerves(7)

Answer 36

Sensory/motor, taste, facial expressions, scalp muscles

Question 37

Vestibulocochlear nerves (8)

Answer 37

Sensory, hearing and balance

Question 38

Glossopharyngeal (9)

Answer 38

Sensory/Motor, taste, gag reflex

Question 39

Vagus nerve (10)

Answer 39

Sensory/Motor, external ear, parts of taste, heart, lungs, smooth muscle, GI muscle glands, diaphragm

Question 40

Spinal accessory (11)

Answer 40

Motor, voluntary muscles of pharynx, head movements

Question 41

Hypoglossal (12)

Answer 41

Motor, tongue muscles

Question 42

What is the bundle of nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord called

Answer 42

Cauda Equina (horse tail)

Question 43

Where does the spinal cord run

Answer 43

Starts at the medulla oblongata and ends at 1st Lumbar

Question 44

What does the ascending tract of spinal cord do

Answer 44

Relays information from skeletal muscles to brain

Question 45

What does the descending tract of the spinal cord do?

Answer 45

Descends from brain to muscles of movement

Question 46

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 46

31 pairs

Question 47

What do spinal nerves do

Answer 47

Carry motor and sensory fibres to and from the organs and tissues

Question 48

What is a reflex

Answer 48

Automatic, rapid, involuntary response to stimulus

Question 49

What makes up a Neuron

Answer 49

Dendrite, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier

Question 50

What is a dendrite

Answer 50

Receptor site, conducts the impulse toward cell body

Question 51

What does a cell body contain

Answer 51

Nucleas

Question 52

What does an axon do

Answer 52

Conducts impulses away from the cell body towards the effector site or connecting neuron

Question 53

What does the myelin sheath do

Answer 53

Insulates the neutron fibre and speeds up the rate of conduction

Question 54

What is the node of Ranvier

Answer 54

Space between the myelin sheath

Question 55

How are impulses transmitted

Answer 55

Through chemical neurotransmitters

Question 56

What is Acetylcholine

Answer 56

Chief neurotransmitter in PNS

Question 57

What is dopamine associated with

Answer 57

Released when body expecting a reward, cycle of motivation, reward, and reinforcement

Question 58

Is Norepinephrine/epinephrine a neurotransmitter?

Answer 58

Yes, in the SNS. It stimulates alpha and beta receptors

Question 59

What does serotonin affect

Answer 59

Mood, sexual desire and function, appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temp regulation, and some social behaviour

Question 60

What does the somatic Nervous System contain

Answer 60

Sensory and motor nerves

Question 61

What does the autonomic nervous system consist of

Answer 61

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 62

What is the SNS

Answer 62

Sympathetic nervous system, fight or flight. increase level of activity in cardio, neuro and resp functions. Involves release of ach epi and norepi

Question 63

What is the PNS

Answer 63

Responsible for slowing HR, RR, and constriction of pupils. Dominates the digestive system and aids in recovery after sympathetic stimulation. Largely innervated by the vagus nerve

Question 64

What happens if the intercranial pressure is increased

Answer 64

Less blood will flow to the “high pressure” brain, becomes deoxygenated, and compressed

Question 65

What does the pneumonic PADCPS stand for

Answer 65

The layers surrounding the brain; pia mater, arachnoid mater, duramater, cranium (skull), periosteum, skin

Question 66

What is the Dura Mater

Answer 66

Outer layer of the meninges. Tough fibrous double layered. Forms Dural sinus

Question 67

Where is the sub Dural space

Answer 67

The space between the Dura mater and arachnoid matter

Question 68

What is arachnoid mater

Answer 68

Middle layer of meninges. Loose webbing cover

Question 69

Where is the Sub arachnoid space

Answer 69

Between pia mater and arachnoid mater. Contains CSF, cerebral arteries and veins

Question 70

What is the pia mater

Answer 70

Inner layer of meninges. Delicate connective tissue, that adheres closely to all convulsions on the surface of the brain. Contains many small blood vessels