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EMRG 1230 - Neuro > Anatomy of Nervous System > Flashcards

Anatomy of Nervous System Flashcards

Contains info of slide 1 from Neuro unit

1
Q

What is the role of the brain

A

Receives, processes and evaluates many kinds of input, decides on the response needed, and acts on that

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2
Q

What is involuntary activity in the brain controlled by?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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3
Q

What is voluntary activity in the brain controlled by

A

Somatic Nervous System

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4
Q

What is the brain protected by?

A

The skull, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

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5
Q

What are the meninges

A

Continuous connective tissue membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

What does CSF do?

A

Provides a cushion for spinal cord

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7
Q

What does CSF look like?

A

Clear, almost colourless

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8
Q

How much CSF is produced and reabsorbed each day?

A

Approx. 500mls

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9
Q

Where is CSF formed, where does it go?

A

Formed in brain ventricles, flows to subarachnoid space, circulates around brain and spinal cord, returns to venous blood

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10
Q

What are the two brain hemispheres separated by

A

Fissure

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11
Q

What are the four main lobes of the brain

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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12
Q

Where does each hemisphere control voluntary movement

A

On the OPPOSITE side of the body

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13
Q

What is the dominant hemisphere in the body

A

The one that controls language, most often left hemisphere

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14
Q

What is the Broca’s area

A

Motor or expressive speech area. Controls the output of verbal and written words, and ensures they are coordinated

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15
Q

Where is Broca’s area located

A

Left frontal area

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16
Q

What is the Wernicke’s Area

A

Integration centre that comprehends language received, both written and spoken. Has connective fibres to visual and auditory areas

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17
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located

A

Posterior temporal lobe

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18
Q

What is the Limbic system responsible for

A

Emotional reactions and feelings. Linked to the hypothalamus which is responsible for autonomic responses associated with emotions

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19
Q

What does the Diencephalon contain

A

Thalamus and they hypothalamus

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20
Q

What is the thalamus

A

Main nerve bodies that serve a sorting and relay station for incoming sensory impulses

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21
Q

What does the Hypothalamus do

A

Key role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. Regulates body temp, intake of food and fluid and regulation of sleep

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22
Q

What does the brain stem contain

A

Pons, medulla oblongata, Reticular activating system

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23
Q

What does the medulla Oblongata do?

A

Regulates respiratory, and cardiovascular function

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24
Q

RAS- Reticular Activating System

A

Determines the degree or arousal or awareness of the cerebral cortex.

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25
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

Coordinates movement and maintain posture and equilibrium.

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26
Q

What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood in the brain

A

It collects in the dural sinuses, then drains into the jugular veins and returns to the heart

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27
Q

How is blood supplied to the brain

A

Carotid arteries that branch into smaller arteries

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28
Q

What is the circle of Willis

A

Structure in the brain that supplies blood to the brain. Ensures flow remains unimpeded in case any principal supplies are damaged

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29
Q

What are cranial nerves

A

Pairs of nerves that originate in the brain stem and pass into them skull to serve structures in the head and neck. May consist of motor fibre, sensory fibres, or both

30
Q

What are Olfactory responsible for (1)

A

Sensory and smell

31
Q

Optic nerve (2)

A

Sensory, vision

32
Q

Oculomotor nerve (3)

A

Motor, eye/ eyelid movements

33
Q

Trochlear nerve (4)

A

Motor, eye movements

34
Q

Trigeminal (5)

A

Sensory, motor, eye, nose, face, oral cavity, teeth, speech muscles

35
Q

Abducens nerves(6)

A

Motor, eye movements

36
Q

Facial nerves(7)

A

Sensory/motor, taste, facial expressions, scalp muscles

37
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerves (8)

A

Sensory, hearing and balance

38
Q

Glossopharyngeal (9)

A

Sensory/Motor, taste, gag reflex

39
Q

Vagus nerve (10)

A

Sensory/Motor, external ear, parts of taste, heart, lungs, smooth muscle, GI muscle glands, diaphragm

40
Q

Spinal accessory (11)

A

Motor, voluntary muscles of pharynx, head movements

41
Q

Hypoglossal (12)

A

Motor, tongue muscles

42
Q

What is the bundle of nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord called

A

Cauda Equina (horse tail)

43
Q

Where does the spinal cord run

A

Starts at the medulla oblongata and ends at 1st Lumbar

44
Q

What does the ascending tract of spinal cord do

A

Relays information from skeletal muscles to brain

45
Q

What does the descending tract of the spinal cord do?

A

Descends from brain to muscles of movement

46
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31 pairs

47
Q

What do spinal nerves do

A

Carry motor and sensory fibres to and from the organs and tissues

48
Q

What is a reflex

A

Automatic, rapid, involuntary response to stimulus

49
Q

What makes up a Neuron

A

Dendrite, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier

50
Q

What is a dendrite

A

Receptor site, conducts the impulse toward cell body

51
Q

What does a cell body contain

A

Nucleas

52
Q

What does an axon do

A

Conducts impulses away from the cell body towards the effector site or connecting neuron

53
Q

What does the myelin sheath do

A

Insulates the neutron fibre and speeds up the rate of conduction

54
Q

What is the node of Ranvier

A

Space between the myelin sheath

55
Q

How are impulses transmitted

A

Through chemical neurotransmitters

56
Q

What is Acetylcholine

A

Chief neurotransmitter in PNS

57
Q

What is dopamine associated with

A

Released when body expecting a reward, cycle of motivation, reward, and reinforcement

58
Q

Is Norepinephrine/epinephrine a neurotransmitter?

A

Yes, in the SNS. It stimulates alpha and beta receptors

59
Q

What does serotonin affect

A

Mood, sexual desire and function, appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temp regulation, and some social behaviour

60
Q

What does the somatic Nervous System contain

A

Sensory and motor nerves

61
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system consist of

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

62
Q

What is the SNS

A

Sympathetic nervous system, fight or flight. increase level of activity in cardio, neuro and resp functions. Involves release of ach epi and norepi

63
Q

What is the PNS

A

Responsible for slowing HR, RR, and constriction of pupils. Dominates the digestive system and aids in recovery after sympathetic stimulation. Largely innervated by the vagus nerve

64
Q

What happens if the intercranial pressure is increased

A

Less blood will flow to the “high pressure” brain, becomes deoxygenated, and compressed

65
Q

What does the pneumonic PADCPS stand for

A

The layers surrounding the brain; pia mater, arachnoid mater, duramater, cranium (skull), periosteum, skin

66
Q

What is the Dura Mater

A

Outer layer of the meninges. Tough fibrous double layered. Forms Dural sinus

67
Q

Where is the sub Dural space

A

The space between the Dura mater and arachnoid matter

68
Q

What is arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer of meninges. Loose webbing cover

69
Q

Where is the Sub arachnoid space

A

Between pia mater and arachnoid mater. Contains CSF, cerebral arteries and veins

70
Q

What is the pia mater

A

Inner layer of meninges. Delicate connective tissue, that adheres closely to all convulsions on the surface of the brain. Contains many small blood vessels

EMRG 1230 - Neuro (4 decks)

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