Anatomy of Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

Cauda Equina and Peripheral Nerve

Question 3

Meninges

Answer 3

Three layers of protection for the brain and spinal cord - Pia, Arachnoid, Dura (PAD)

Question 4

Subarachnoid space

Answer 4

Where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resides

Question 5

Choroid plexus

Answer 5

Forms the CSF

Question 6

Sylvian fissure

Answer 6

Separates temoral lobe from frontal lobe

Question 7

Sulcus

Answer 7

Groove in the cortex (deeper groove is called fissure)

Question 8

Gyrus

Answer 8

Ridge on the cortex

Question 9

Gray matter

Answer 9

Responsible for processing for cerebrum (synaptic processes) - nerve cell bodies, dense interneuronal networks, cortex and subcortical nuclei

Question 10

White matter

Answer 10

Responsible for transmitting the information - myelinated nerve axons, “cabling” of the nervous system

Question 11

Frontal lobe

Answer 11

Motor, Personality

Question 12

Parietal lobe

Answer 12

Sensory

Question 13

Temporal lobe

Answer 13

Language, hearing

Question 14

Occipital lobe

Answer 14

Vision

Question 15

Homunculus

Answer 15

Topographic organization of the sensory and motor cortex - large proportions of devoted to hand and face function

Question 16

Primary motor cortex

Answer 16

Pre-central gyrus; Motor - has cell bodies traveling to spinal cord and muscles

Question 17

Primary sensory cortex

Answer 17

Post-central gyrus; Sensory - Perceiving area for stimuli

Question 18

Central sulcus

Answer 18

Separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe, and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex

Question 19

Thalamus

Answer 19

Connected all parts of the cortex. Sometimes thought of as a “sensory relay” station, important for regulating states of arousal and made up of many nuclei

Question 20

Hypothalamus

Answer 20

“Master Gland” - controls the pituitary gland; links nervous activity to the endocrine system; responsible for hunger, temperature, metabolism, sexual behavior

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

Serves to coordinate motor activity; separated from cerebrum by the tetorial membrane

Question 22

Left Middle Cerebral Artery

Answer 22

Supplies lateral frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

Question 23

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Answer 23

Supplies medial frontal and parietal lobes

Question 24

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Answer 24

Supplies interior temporal and occipital lobes

Question 25

Watershed Areas

Answer 25

Where cortical perfusions meet, most sensitive to ischemia

Question 26

Conus medullaris

Answer 26

The tapered end of the spinal cord

Question 27

Cauda equina

Answer 27

The nerve roots exiting the lumbosacral segments of the conus

Question 28

Filum terminale

Answer 28

Strip of connective tissue that connects the tip of the spinal cord to the coccyx

Question 29

Dorsal Nerve Root

Answer 29

Incoming sensory fibers - dorsal root ganglion houses sensory cell bodies

Question 30

Ventral Nerve Root

Answer 30

Outgoing motor fibers

Question 31

Lateral Corticospinal (TCMEP)

Answer 31

Transcranial (voluntary) motor function

Question 32

Fasciculus Gracillis

Answer 32

Medial portion of dorsal column - Proprioception (position), vibration, discriminate touch; responsible for lower extremities

Question 33

Fasciculus Cuneatus

Answer 33

Lateral portion of dorsal column - Proprioception (position), vibration, discriminate touch; responsible for upper extremities, 1/2 of thoracic

Question 34

Anterior Spinal Artery

Answer 34

Supplies Anterior 2/3 of cord

Question 35

Posterior Spinal Arteries

Answer 35

2 arteries combined supplies posterior 1/3 of cord

Question 36

Artery of Adamkiewicz

Answer 36

Major supplier to the spinal cord, located variably at a lower thoracic level - T10 plus or minus a few levels

Question 37

Brachial plexus

Answer 37

Peripheral nerves that supply the upper extremity, division and rejoining of nerves

Question 38

Musculocutaneous

Answer 38

UE, C5-C6, Biceps

Question 39

Axillary

Answer 39

UE, C5-C6, Deltoid

Question 40

Radial

Answer 40

UE, C5-T1, Triceps, wrist extensors

Question 41

Median

Answer 41

UE, C5-T1, Many forearm, most thenar muscles (Abductor Pollicis Brevis)

Question 42

Ulnar

Answer 42

UE, C8-T1, Many forearm, some thenar, all hypothenar (Abductor Digiti Minimi)

Question 43

Median primary stimulus site at wrist

Answer 43

Anode at the midline of the crease. Cathode 2-3 cm proximal between the tendons of the flexor carpi radials and palmaris longus

Question 44

Median primary stimulus site at the elbow

Answer 44

Anode at the medial third of the crease (antecubital fossa), cathode 3 cm proximal just medial to the biceps tendon.

Question 45

Ulnar primary stimulus site at wrist

Answer 45

Anode at the medial aspect of the anterior wrist crease just proximal to the pisiform. Cathode 2-3 cm along the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 46

Ulnar primary stimulus site at the elbow

Answer 46

Anode just medial to the tip of the ulna at the distal end of the ulnar groove. Cathode 3 cm proximal, posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 47

Femoral nerve

Answer 47

L2-L4, Quadriceps, Vastus Lateralis

Question 48

Tibial nerve (Sciatic Nerve)

Answer 48

L4-S3, Gastrocnemius, Abductor Hallucis

Question 49

Tibial nerve primary stimulus site at the ankle

Answer 49

Cathode about halfway between the lateral tip of the medial malleolus and the Achille's tendon, Anode about 3 cm distal, below the medial malleoulus. Stimulate behind head of fibula, travels from sciatic nerve, innervates all muscles of bottom of feet

Question 50

Peroneal nerve

Answer 50

L4-S2, Tibialis Anterior