Anatomy of Respiration Flashcards
(53 cards)
Name of C1
Atlas
Name of C2
Axis
Characteristics of Thoracic Vertebrae
Body, Spinous Process, Intervertebral Foramen, Transverse Process
Body: larger than cervical, heart shape
Spinous Process: long and sharp
Intervertebral foramen: Circular
Transverse process: no foramen, facets for ribs
Lumbar Vertebrae Characteristics
Body, Spinous Process, Intervertebral Foramen, Transverse Process
Body: much larger and kidney shaped
Spinous Process: Short and Blunt
Intervertebral Foramen: Triangular
Transverse Process: Thin and Tapered
Why are lumbar vertebrae larger?
To facilitate a weight-bearing function
Sacrum
5 fused vertebrae
Coccyx
3-5 fused vertebrae
Cervical Curve Development
3-4 months of age or when infant starts to lift head and to sit up
Typical Lumbar Curve Development
1 year of age or when the baby starts to walk
Kyphosis
Excessive curving of the spine, producing a rounded or “humped” upper back, a type of spinal disorder often associated with scoliosis or lordosis; once popularly called humpback. In adults often related to osteoporosis (bone weakening from calcium loss), in children kyphosis more often results from injury, a tumor on the spine, or a genetic disorder, such as Hunter syndrome, or spina bifida.
Lordosis (hyperlordosis):
Excessive curving of the lower spine, a type of spinal disorder often associated with scoliosis and/or kyphosis; sometimes popularly called swayback. In adults often related to osteoporosis (bone weakening from calcium loss), in children kyphosis more often results from injury, a tumor on the spine, or a genetic disorder, and can be exaggerated by poor posture.
Scoliosis
Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, in excessive cases becoming almost S-shaped, a type of spinal disorder commonly associated with lordosis and/or kyphosis. Most people have some amount of irregular curvature in the spine; perhaps one in ten has a curvature of at least 10 degrees. Curvature of 10-20 degrees is labeled mild, less than that, simply “postural variation.” Scoliosis often appears in childhood or adolescence, in infancy in more boys than girls, but by school age in both sexes.
3 Types of Ribs and #’s
True: 1-7; direct attachment to sternum.
False: 8-10; attached through superior directed chondral.
Floating: 11-12; do not attach to sternum.
Bronchial Tree is made up of
Trachea, Carina, Mainstem Bronchus Secondary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchi ... Bronchiole Terminal bronchiole Alveolar Duct Alveolus
It can branch up to 28 times
Primary Muscle of Inspiration
Diaphragm
Diaphragm Attachments
-Ensiform process
•Ribs 7 – 12
•Right crus @ L4
•Left crus @ L3
External Intercostal
-Attachment from inferior surface of ribs 1-11 to superior surface of the next rib lower
●Courses down and in
●Function is to elevate ribcage
Internal Intercostal (Interchondral Portion)
●Attachment from inferior surface of ribs 1-11 to superior surface of the next rib lower
●Courses down and out
●Function is to elevate ribcage
Cervical Vertebrae Characteristics
Body, spinous process, intervertebral foramen, transverse process
Body: small and wide side to side
Spinous Process: Short and Bifid
Intervertebral Foramen: Triangular
Transverse Process: Contain Foramen
Levator Costarum Brevis
-Attachment from transverse process of C7-T11 to the rib below
●Courses down and out
●Function is to elevate ribs 1-12
Levator Costarum Longis
●Attachment from transverse process of T7-T10, bypassing the rib below to attach to the next rib
●Courses down and out
●Function is to elevate ribs 9-12
Serratus Posterior Superior
●Attachment from spinous process of C7, T1-T3 to ribs 2-5
●Courses down and out
●Function is to elevate ribs 2-5
Sternocleidomastoid
-Attachment from mastoid process to clavicle and sternum
●Courses down and in
●Primary function is to turn the head
●Secondary function is to elevate sternum and ribcage, thus origin and insertion change depending on the function
Scalenus Anterior
Attachment from transverse process of C3-C6 to Rib 1
