Anatomy of Small and Large Intestines

Question 1

What makes up the small intestines

Answer 1

Duodenum,Jejunum and ileum

Question 2

What makes up the large intestines

Answer 2

Cecum and appendix Colon

Question 3

Extent of the duodenum

Answer 3

From the pylorus of stomach to the duodenal- jejunal junction

Question 4

Subdivisions of the duodenum

Answer 4

First, second, third, fourth parts

Question 5

Extent of superior/first part of duodenum

Answer 5

Extends from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to the neck of the gallbladder

Question 6

Position of duodenum compared to L1 vetebra

Answer 6

Lays just to the right of the body

Question 7

What structures are posterior to the 1st part of the duodenum

Answer 7

bile duct, gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, and inferior vena cava

Question 8

The beginning of the first part of the duodenum is referred to as

Answer 8

the ampulla or duodenal cap

Question 9

Where is the site of most duodenal ulcers

Answer 9

Duodenal ampulla/cap

Question 10

Extent of descending/second part of duodenum (in terms of vetebral body)

Answer 10

extends from the L 1 vertebrae to the lower border of vertebra L3

Question 11

What structures are anterior to the 2nd part of the duodenum

Answer 11

the transverse colon

Question 12

What structures are posterior to the 2nd part of the duodenum

Answer 12

the right kidney

Question 13

What structures are medial to the 2nd part of the duodenum

Answer 13

head of the pancreas

Question 14

Which part of the duodenum contains major and minor papilla

Answer 14

The second part of the duodenum

Question 15

Which duodenal papilla has the common entrance for the bile duct and the pancreatic duct

Answer 15

Major duodenal papilla

Question 16

Which duodenal papilla has the entrance for the accessory pancreatic duct

Answer 16

Minor duodenal pailla

Question 17

The junction of the foregut and the midgut is just below which duodenal structure

Answer 17

Major duodenal papilla

Question 18

Which part of the duodenum is the longest section

Answer 18

The third/inferior part

Question 19

Which structures lie posterior to the third part of the duodenum

Answer 19

the inferior vena cava, the aorta, and the vertebral column

Question 20

Which structure crosses the third part of the duodenum anteriorly

Answer 20

Superior mesenteric artery and vein

Question 21

Which part of the duodenum passes upward on, or to the left of, the aorta to approximately the upper border of vertebra L2

Answer 21

The fourth/ascending part

Question 22

Where does the fourth part of the duodenum end

Answer 22

The duodenojejunal flexure

Question 23

Which structure surrounds the duodenojejunal flexure

Answer 23

suspensory muscle (ligament) of duodenum (ligament of Treitz).

Question 24

Describe the location of the jejunum

Answer 24

Upper left quadrant

Question 25

Describe the wall of the jejunum

Answer 25

Thick and more vascular

Question 26

Describe the lumen of the jejunum

Answer 26

Wider and often empty

Question 27

Describe the circular folds of the jejunum

Answer 27

Large, thick, closely set

Question 28

Describe the villi of the jejunum

Answer 28

Tall and leaf like

Question 29

Describe the Payer's patches of the jejunum

Answer 29

There are none

Question 30

Describe the fat distribution of the jejunum

Answer 30

Less fat

Question 31

Describe the location of the ileum

Answer 31

Lower right quadrant

Question 32

Describe the walls of the ileum

Answer 32

Thinner, less vascular

Question 33

Describe the lumen of the ileum

Answer 33

Narrow, often loaded

Question 34

Describe the circular folds of the ileum

Answer 34

Smaller, sparse

Question 35

Describe the villi of the ileum

Answer 35

Short, finger like

Question 36

Describe the Payer's patches of the ileum

Answer 36

Present

Question 37

Describe the fat distribution of the ileum

Answer 37

Abundant

Question 38

Which small intestine structure has less complex arterial arcades and longer vasa recta

Answer 38

Jejunum

Question 39

Extent of the large intestines

Answer 39

It extends from ileo-caecal junction to the | anus.

Question 40

List the parts of the large intestines

Answer 40

Caecum and appendix Colon (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid) Rectum Anal canal

Question 41

Three prominent characteristics of the large intestines

Answer 41

Teaniae coli, Sacculations/haustrations and appendices epiploicae

Question 42

Where is the cecum found and what is it's normal shape

Answer 42

Right iliac fossa | asymmetrical cul-de-sac

Question 43

Three other types of cecum based on the shape

Answer 43

``` Feotal type (conical cecum) Infantile type (Quadrate cecum) Exaggerated type (enlarged right saccule) ```

Question 44

What two structures are in the anterior of the cecum

Answer 44

Ileo-cecal orifice and Appendicular orifice (valve of Gerlach)

Question 45

What two structures are devoid of teaniae coli, sacculations and appendices epiploicae

Answer 45

Appendix and rectum

Question 46

At which point in the appendix do all the three bands of teania coli coverge

Answer 46

Base of the appendix

Question 47

Most and least common positions of the appendix

Answer 47

Retrocecal/retrocolic and Splenic type

Question 48

Which intestine (small of large) does not have villi?

Answer 48

Large intestine

Question 49

Transverse mucosal Folds are permanent in which intestine (small or large)

Answer 49

Small

Question 50

Four divisions of the meso colon

Answer 50

Ileo-ceacal folds | Meso-appendix Transverse mesocolon Sigmoid mesocolon

Question 51

Which arteries anastomse (and form what) to supply the wall of the large intestine

Answer 51

Branches of superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric artery anastomose to form the Marginal artery of Drummond

Question 52

Lymphatic drainage of small intestine | Coeliac and superior mesenteric group of lymph nodes

Answer 52

Coeliac and superior mesenteric group of lymph nodes

Question 53

Lymphatic drainage of the large intestine

Answer 53

Epicoloic lymph nodes Paracolic lymph nodes Intermediate nodes Terminal nodes

Question 54

What is an Intussusception

Answer 54

Invagination of part of intestine into | neighboring part, leading to bowel obstruction

Question 55

What is Mcburney’s point and what does it correspond to

Answer 55

It is a point of tenderness seen on right side of the abdomen that is one third of the distance from anterior superior iliac spine umbilicus. This point corresponds to base of appendix

Question 56

What is a vovulus

Answer 56

A volvulus is when a loop of intestine and the mesentery twists around itself, resulting in a bowel obstruction

Question 57

What is a Meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 57

The remnant of the proximal part of the yolk stalk (vitelline duct) that extends into the umbilical cord in the embryo and lies on the antimesenteric border of the ileum