anatomy of SOL

Question 1

Wh y can’t the brain afford to have a space occupying lesion?

What is meant by an SOL?

Answer 1

• no spare room in the skull

—an SOL: ABNORMAL tissue taking up space; can be ACUTE or SUB-ACUTE intracranial pathologies

Question 2

Risk of raised icp?

Answer 2

• herniation

Question 3

What is the skull capable of holding?

Answer 3

• coping with SLOW-rate expansion

Question 4

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 4

S- SKIN
C- Connective tissue
A- Aponeurosis
L- Loose Connective Tissue 
P- Pericranium

Question 5

What holds the arteries of the scalp?

Answer 5

• connective tissue

Question 6

What gives rise to the Scalp branches?

Answer 6

• external carotid artery

Question 7

What is significant about the sutures of your skull?

Answer 7

• help PREVENT skull fractures from spreadin

Question 8

What is the pterion?

Answer 8

• H-shaped
• —lateral aspect of the head; where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones meet.
• —THINNEST part of the skull

Question 9

What is blood vessel is the pterion a.w?

Answer 9

• middle meningeal artery, course over the DEEP aspect of the pterion

Question 10

Label the image of the skull found at the end of the NEURO IMU teaching

Question 11

WHat is the dura mater? What is it also known as?

Answer 11

• aka the “hard mother”

- –TOUGH/FIBROUS; outer-most meningeal layer

Question 12

Which nerve supplies the DURA mater?

Answer 12

CNV Sensory supply

Question 13

What does the dura mater enclose?

Answer 13

• encloses the DURAL venous sinuses

Question 14

What is significant about the arachnoid mater?

Answer 14

• —has arachnoid granulations (to reabsorb CSF)

- –aka Spidery mother

Question 15

What circulates within the subarachnoid space?

Answer 15

• CSF

Question 16

What is the PIA mater?

Answer 16

• —the “faithful” mother

- —adheres to the brain and the blood vessels and nerves entering/ leaving the brain

Question 17

What is the diaphragm sellae?

Answer 17

• tough sheet of DURA mater forming a ROOF over the pituitary fossa

Question 18

What is the tentorium cerebelli? What lies in its centre?

Answer 18

• –sheet of DURA tenting over the cerebellum

- –has a central gap to allow the brainstem to pass through

Question 19

WHere does the tentorium cerebelli attach to?

Answer 19

• the ridges of the PETROUS temporal bones

Question 20

What is the falx cerebri made of?

What does it attach to>

Answer 20

• dura mater
• attaches to the DEEP aspect of the skull -crista galli of the ethmoid - ANTERIORLY
• —internal aspect of the Sagittal suture, mediallu
• –internal occipital protuberance posteriorly

Question 21

What does the right common carotid artery split into?

Answer 21

• Right internal carotid artery

- Right external carotid artery

Question 22

Through what foramen does the R internal carotid artery enter the cranium?

Answer 22

• the CAROTID canal

Question 23

Which artery predominantly supplies the scalp, neck and face

Answer 23

• right EXTERNAL carotid artery

Question 24

Describe the course of the R vertebral artery.

Answer 24

• passes through TRANSVERSE foraminae in the cervical vertebrae
• to enter the cranial cavity, enters trough the foramen magnum

Question 25

What supplies the MEDIAL aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 25

anterior cerebral artery

Question 26

What supplies the POSTERIOR aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 26

-----posterior cerebral artery

Question 27

What supplies the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 27

- middle cerebral artery

Question 28

Where is the circle of willis found?

Answer 28

- inferior to the MIDBRAIN - closesly related to the PITUITARY stalk and the OPTIC chiasm - ----found within the subarachnoid space

Question 29

How much CSF is made in a day?

Answer 29

400-500ml

Question 30

Where is csf produced and reabsorbed?

Answer 30

- produced by the choroid plexus in the LATERAL ventricles | - ---reabsorbed into the DURAL venous sinsuses via the subarachnoid granulations

Question 31

At what levels can LP be performed?

Answer 31

- L3/L4 OR - L4/L5 IV discs

Question 32

Describe the course of CSF circulation.

Answer 32

- CSF is produced by the choroid plexus (lateral and 3rd V) - Flows through Foraminae of Monro to the 3rd ventricles - passes through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle - passes to the subarachnoid space around the brain and the spinal cord, through 3 small foraminae.

Question 33

Where are the lateral ventricles located?

Answer 33

- within the cerebral hemispheres

Question 34

Where is the 3rd ventricle found?

Answer 34

- midline WITHIN the diencephalon

Question 35

Where is the 4th ventricle found?

Answer 35

- between cerebellum and the pons

Question 36

When may hydrocephalus occur?

Answer 36

- with excessive prodn. obstruction to flow, or INADEQUATE reabsorption

Question 37

Which space is the circle of willis found?

Answer 37

in the SUBARACHNOID space

Question 38

How does subdural hemmorrhage occur?

Answer 38

- with TORN cerebral veins | occurs with FALLS in elderly

Question 39

What causes a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Answer 39

- RUPTURED CIRCLE of WILLIS | - -congenital