Anatomy Of The Atom

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Substance that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Elements

Answer 2

Form of matter w/ chemical & physical properties that can’t be broken by ordinary chemical reactions

Question 3

Elementos (quantity)

Answer 3

118 elements, but only 92 occur naturally. The rest are synthesized in labs and are unstable

Question 4

Four common elements to all living organisms

Answer 4

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen (in order)

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

Substance consisting of 2 or more elements

Question 6

Atom

Answer 6

Smallest unit of matter that retain chemical properties of an element

Question 7

Two regions of an atom

Answer 7

Nucleus and outermost region (or electron cloud)

Question 8

Nucleus of an atom

Answer 8

Contains protons and neutrons

Question 9

Outermost region (electron cloud) of an atom

Answer 9

Contain electrons in orbit around the nucleus

Question 10

Hydrogen exception (subatomic particles)

Answer 10

One proton and one electron w/ no neutrons

Question 11

Protons (weigh)

Answer 11

+1 charge, 1 (amu or Dalton), 1.67 x 10^-24 grams.

Question 12

Neutros (weigh)

Answer 12

0 charge, 1 (amu or Dalton), 1.67 x 10^-24 grams.

Question 13

Electrons (weigh)

Answer 13

-1 charge, 0 (amu or Dalton), 9.11 x 10^-28 grams.

Question 14

Uncharged, neutral atoms

Answer 14

Electrons and protons have a equal number leaving the atom w/ no net charge.

Question 15

How much is empty space in an atom?

Answer 15

More than 99%. The reason atoms don’t go through each other is because electrons repel each other (negative charge)

Question 16

Atomic number (Z)

Answer 16

Number of protons

Question 17

Isotopes

Answer 17

Same # of protons, but different # of neutrons (different forms of the same atom)

Question 18

Mass number (A)

Answer 18

of protons and neutrons

Question 19

Atomic mass

Answer 19

Is the mass # of its naturally occurring isotopes.

Question 20

Stable atomic configuration

Answer 20

Lower level of potential energy

Question 21

Radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes

Answer 21

Isotopes that emit high energy particles due to unstable nucleus.

Question 22

Radioactive decay

Answer 22

Energy loss when an unstable atom’s nucleus releases radiation.

Question 23

Radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes (properties)

Answer 23

Same reactive and chemical behavior, each element has a decay rate, and emissions are detected even at low levels.

Question 24

Decay rate

Answer 24

Rate of particle emission

Question 25

Types of radioactive decay

Answer 25

Alpha particles, Beta particles, and Gamma particles.

Question 26

Alpha decay

Answer 26

He(element) Z -2 & A -4 Penetration: skin deep Shielding: clothes/paper

Question 27

Beta decay

Answer 27

Z +1 & A no effect High energy electron Penetration: sub cutaneous (below skin) Shielding: aluminum

Question 28

Gamma decay

Answer 28

High energy photon and no effect on nucleus. Penetration: any internal tissue. Shielding: lead plates

Question 29

Radiation in cancer treatment

Answer 29

Cause mutation in DNA of cancer cell killing it.

Question 30

Radioactive dating

Answer 30

Determine the age of something usually using carbon 14 (C-14)

Question 31

N=No e^-0.693T/ T½

Answer 31

``` N = amount of radioactivity after time (t) No = amount of starting radioactivity -0.693 = ln(2) T = amount of time sample is left to decay T½= half life e = natural logarithm ```