Anatomy of the Basal ganglia and cerebellum

Question 1

What does the basal ganglia do

Answer 1

modulates voluntary movement. Acts as a relay system - sends feedback to cortex via thalamus

Question 2

what does the cerebellum do

Answer 2

modulates balance and posture - mostly unconscious

Question 3

name the 4 basic control circuits the basal ganglia is involved in

Answer 3

limbic loop
oculomotor loop
motor loop
cognitive/ prefrontal loop

Question 4

Name the three parts of the striatum

Answer 4

caudate nucleus
putamen
nucleus

Question 5

Describe huntingtons

Answer 5

hyperkinesia, degenerative

ENK neurones knocked out causing less involuntary movement

Question 6

define chorea and dystonia and akinesia

Answer 6

chorea - involuntary movement
dystonia - sustained contractions
akinesia - loss of voluntary movement

Question 7

descrive parkinsons

Answer 7

hyopkinesia, dopamine neurones in the nigrostraital path get knocked out

Question 8

Name the 3 lobes in the cerebellum

Answer 8

anterior, posterior and floccondular lobe

Question 9

Name the 3 tracts the cerebellar outputs to

Answer 9

rubrospinal
reticulospinal
vestibulospinal

Question 10

% of brain vol cerebellum is

Answer 10

10

Question 11

what seperates the ant and post cerebella lobes

Answer 11

1y fissure

Question 12

what connects the cerebella L and R hemispheres

Answer 12

vermis

Question 13

name the three penduncles connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem and what do they connect

Answer 13

superior EFF cerebellum > cerebrum
middle AFF cerebrum > cerebellum
inferior BOTH

Question 14

1. what does the vestibulocerebellum tract do

2. which peduncle does it use

Answer 14

1. receives info from the vestibular nuclei and transmits back (controls vestibulospinal tract)
2. inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 15

desribe the spinocerebellar tract

Answer 15

vermis to …

1. fastigial nucleus > reticular formation > reticulospinal tract
2. interposed nucleus > red nucleus > rubrospinal tract

Question 16

what does the spinocerebellar tract do

Answer 16

integrates sensory and motor to produce adaptive motor coordination

Question 17

describe the cerebrocerebellum tract

Answer 17

dentate nuclei (via sup) > ventrolat thalamic nucleus > CORTEX > pontine nuclei > dentate nucleus. cerebellum (via middle cerebellar peduncle)

Question 18

name the three layers of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 18

molecular - purkinje - granular

Question 19

which layers of the cerebellum are input and output

Answer 19

OUTPUT purkinje

INPUT granular

Question 20

describe a climbing fibre

1. where from?
2. where to?

Answer 20

1. FROM inf olive

2. wraps around purkinje cells - 1 per fibre

Question 21

name the two types of cerebella afferent fibres

Answer 21

climbing fibres and mossy fibres

Question 22

mossy fibre ..

1. where from?
2. where to?

Answer 22

1. from pontine and vestibular nuclei
2. innervates 100s of granule cells. granule then climbs to molecular layer and sends out parallel fibres that innervate 100s of purkinje cells