Anatomy of the CVS 1

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

middle mediastinum

Question 2

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 2

Area of thoracic cavity between pleural sacs

Question 3

What is the surface anatomy of the heart?

Answer 3

5th left intercostal space mid clavicular line

Question 4

Relative to adults what is the position of the heart?

Answer 4

higher

more horizontally lying

Question 5

What is situs inversus

Answer 5

When all the bodily structures lie on the opposite side eg the heart lies facing the right

Question 6

What lies anteriorly to the heart?

Answer 6

sternum
costal cartilages 4-7
thymus reminants
lung edges and pleura

Question 7

What lies posteriorly to the heart?

Answer 7

oesophagus
descending aorta
thoracic vertebrate 5-8

Question 8

What lies laterally to the heart?

Answer 8

lungs

phrenic nerve

Question 9

What lies inferiorly to the heart?

Answer 9

central tendon of diaphragm

Question 10

What is the innermost layer of the heart?

Answer 10

Endocardium

Question 11

What is the endocardium comprised of?

Answer 11

simple squamous epithelium
basement membrane
connective tissue

Question 12

What is the myocardium made from?

Answer 12

muscle - cardiac

Question 13

What is the epicardium comprised of?

Answer 13

coonective tissue
basement membrane
simple squamous epithelium

Question 14

What is the epithelium of the epicardium the exact same layer as?

Answer 14

visceral pericardium

Question 15

What does the endocardium line?

Answer 15

heart chambers

Question 16

What layer forms valves?

Answer 16

endocardium

Question 17

What is another name for cardiac muscle?

Answer 17

myocytes

Question 18

Name some functional structures in the myocardium?

Answer 18

rich capillary network
many mitochondria
muscle bundles in different planes

Question 19

What layer contains the main branches of the coronary arteries?

Answer 19

epicardium

Question 20

What makes up the right border of the heart?

Answer 20

right atrium

SVC

Question 21

What makes up the inferior border of the heart?

Answer 21

right and left ventricle

Question 22

What makes up the left border of the heart?

Answer 22

left ventricle

Question 23

What makes up the superior border of the heart?

Answer 23

right and left atrium and all the vessels

Question 24

What are cusps?

Answer 24

thin structures derived from endocardium

Question 25

What do chordae tendinae and papillary muscles prevent?

Answer 25

valve failure and inversion

Question 26

What is valve stenosis?

Answer 26

narrowing of the valves

Question 27

What is valve incompetence?

Answer 27

widening of the valves

Question 28

What is bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 28

Infection of the endocardium --> usually the valves

Question 29

How many cusps do the semi lunar valves have?

Answer 29

3

Question 30

What does failure of the aortic valve do?

Answer 30

Back flow of blood into the ventricles

Question 31

What is the cardiac skeleton?

Answer 31

Connective tissue of the heart offering support and anchorage

Question 32

What does the serous pericardium secrete?

Answer 32

pericardial fluid which acts as a lubricant