anatomy of the CVS 1 and 2

Question 1

the heart lies anterior to which vertebral level?

Answer 1

T5 - T8

Question 2

name the 2 pericardia and list their functions

Answer 2

fibrous - a dense connective tissue sac
serous has an outer parietal layer and and inner visceral layer called the epicardium

Question 3

what nerves supply both the visceral layer and the myocardium?

Answer 3

vagus nerve (parasympathetic) and sympathetic nerves (T1 - T5)

Question 4

What does the phrenic nerve supply in the pericardium?

Answer 4

fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of the serous pericardium (carries the pain sensation)

Question 5

name the 3 tunics

Answer 5

tunica intima (endothelium), media (muscular), and externa/adventitia (connective tissue)

Question 6

what layer of the heart wall are valves formed from?

Answer 6

they are projections of the endocardium

Question 7

describe the histological and main functional features of the epicardium?

Answer 7

Simple squamous epithelium sitting on basement membrane
sits on connective tissue
FORMS VALVES

Question 8

describe myocardium

Answer 8

striated muscle, lots of mitochondria, single cell nucleus, rich capillary bed, cardiac muscle

myocytes connected by intercalated discs

Question 9

cardiac muscle is described as forming a functional syncytium, describe what is meant by this

Answer 9

cells are joined by intercalated discs and electrically and they contract as one

Question 10

describe epicardium

Answer 10

outer layer of the heart wall

simple squamous epithelium with basement membrane and connective tissue