Anatomy of the Digestive System 1

Question 1

List the muscles of facial expression (2)

Answer 1

Orbicularis Oris and Buccinator Muscles

Question 2

What is the action of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle?

Answer 2

this muscle closes the mouth (e.g. drinking from a straw)

Question 3

What is the action of the Buccinator Muscle?

Answer 3

this muscle draws the cheek against the gums/teeth

Question 4

List the muscles of the tongue (3)

Answer 4

Genioglossus, Styloglossus, and Hyoglossus Muscles

Question 5

What nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue?

Answer 5

The Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

Question 6

Are the muscles of the tongue intrinsic or extrinsic?

Answer 6

intrinsic-they change the shape of the tongue but not the position

Question 7

what is the action of the Genioglossus muscle?

Answer 7

protrudes and depresses the tongue; pulls it forward towards the chin

Question 8

what is the action of the styloglossus muscle?

Answer 8

retracts tongue and helps swallowing; lifts it towards the styloid process

Question 9

what is the aciton of the hyoglossus muscle?

Answer 9

depresses and retracts tongue; down and back towards the hyoid bone

Question 10

What is the innervation of the gag reflex?

Answer 10

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)=sensory afferent
CN X (vagus)=motor efferent

Question 11

What is the name of baby teeth?

Answer 11

deciduous teeth

Question 12

what are the 8 kinds of the permanent teeth?

Answer 12

incisors (central and lateral), canine, premolars (bicuspids-first premolars, and second premolars), molars (first, second, and third molars-wisdom)

Question 13

Name the three salivary glands

Answer 13

parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands

Question 14

list the location, the innervation, and the ANS ganglion of the parotid gland

Answer 14

anterior to the ear; Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX); Otic Ganglion

Question 15

list the location, the innervation, and the ANS ganglion of the submandibular gland

Answer 15

under the angle of the mandible; Facial Nerve (CN VII); Submandibular ganglion

Question 16

list the location, the innervation, and the ANS ganglion of the sublingual gland

Answer 16

under the tongue; Facial Nerve (CN VII); submandibular ganglion

Question 17

list the muscles of mastication (4)

Answer 17

temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

Question 18

What is the innervation of the muscles of mastication?

Answer 18

Trigeminal Nerve-mandibular branch (CN V3)

Question 19

list the location and the action of the temporalis muscle

Answer 19

from temporal bone into the coranoid process of the mandible; closes the jaw

Question 20

list the location and the action of the masseter muscle

Answer 20

from the zygomatic arch into the angle of the mandible; closes and protrudes the jaw

Question 21

list the location and the action of the medial pterygoid muscle

Answer 21

from sphenoid palatine and maxilla to mandible; elevates and protrudes jaw, moves side to side

Question 22

list the location and the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle

Answer 22

from sphenoid to condylar process mandible (TMJ); protrudes the jaw and moves it side to side

Question 23

What part of the pharynx is closed during swallowing?

Answer 23

nasopharynx

Question 24

What type of muscle comprises the upper part of the esophagus?

Answer 24

skeletal muscle

Question 25

what type of muscle comprises the lower part of the esophagus?

Answer 25

smooth muscle

Question 26

what type of epithelium lines the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus (as well as the anal canal)?

Answer 26

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 27

list the location and the purpose of the gastroesophageal sphincter

Answer 27

located at the opening of esophagus into stomach (inferior to diaphragm); prevents regurgitation

Question 28

Where is the first part of the alimentary canal where we see all four of the representative tissue layers present?

Answer 28

the esophagus

Question 29

what makes the outer layer of the esophagus different from the rest of the alimentary canal?

Answer 29

it is composed of a very fibrous adventitia (as opposed to a slippery serosa) and is composed entirely of connective tissue