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Anatomy Of The Eye Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Parts of the eye

A

Eyeball
Adnexia
Orbit

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2
Q

Eyeball layers

A
  1. Outer fibrous layer_ cornea (ant 1/6th) and schlera (post 5/6th) schlero corneal junction is limbus
  2. Middle vascular layer (uveal tract)_ choroid, iris, ciliary body
  3. Inner nervous layer _ retina
    Lens attaches to ciliary body via suspensory ligament
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3
Q

Imp of surgical limbus:

A

No conjunctiva is present here

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4
Q

Segments of eyeball

A

Ant and post segment divided by an imaginary line passing through ciliary body , post surface of ciliary ligament and post surface of lens

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5
Q

Contents of ant segment

A

Cornea
Aq humor
Limbus
Ciliary body
Suspensory ligament
Lens
Part of schlera overlying the ciliary body
Pupil

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6
Q

Contents of post segment

A

Schlera
Choroid
Retina
Vitreous humor
Optic nerve

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7
Q

Chambers of eyeball

A

Ant chamber(between cornea and iris)
Posterior chamber( btw lens and iris)
Vitreous humour( btw lens and retina)

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8
Q

Boundary of ant chamber

A

Anteriorly: post surface of cornea
Posteriorly: ant surf of iris and pupil occupied by lens, ciliary body
Laterally:angle of ant chamber where there is canal of schemn

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9
Q

Where is the angle

A

Meetingoint of two imaginary lines
One arm is post surf of cornea
Another arm is ant surf of iris

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10
Q

How is the angle formed

A

Abt part of ciliary body
Root of iris
Trabecular network
Canal of schlemn
Schleral spur
Swalbe’s line

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11
Q

Content of ant chamber

A

Aqueous humor

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12
Q

Boundary of post chamber

A

Anteriorly:post surface of iris
Posteriorly:lens and suspensory ligament
Middle and side: ciliary body and suspensory ligament
Base: ciliary body
Apex: meeting point of iris and lens

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13
Q

Content of post chamber

A

Aqueous humor

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14
Q

Layers of cornea

A

Abcde
Anterior epithelium
Bowman’s membrane
Corneal stroma
Descemet’s membrane
Endothelium

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15
Q

Nutrition of cornea

A

Anterior part: from atmosphere air, tear
Posterior part: from aqueous humor
Peripheral part: limbal capillaries

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16
Q

Corneal nerve supply

A

Only sensory no motor nerve supply
Long ciliary nerve. Branch of opthalmic div of trigeminal nerve
Intra and inter epithelial nerve supply

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17
Q

Functions of cornea

A

Refractive media
Contributes to refractive power of eye +43D
Protective mechanism
Forms fibrous layer
Maintains intraocular pressure

Normal power of eye is +58D.

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18
Q

How transparency is maintained

A

6.Corneal epithelium: cornea must be dehydrated for clear vision and epithelium acts as a clear barrier
5.Stroma: regular arrangement of collagen does not allow accumulation of water
4.Endothelium: na k pump drives water from cornea and makes it dehydrated
1.Absence of blood vessels
2.Normal intra ocular pressure
3. Demyelinated nerve fibers

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19
Q

Structure of iris

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A

Anterior epithelium
Posterior epithelium
Iris stroma
Sphincter pupillae circular muscle causes miosis on contraction parasym ns
Dilator pupillae radial muscle causes mydriasis on contraction sympathy ns

20
Q

Ciliary body

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A

Blood vessels producing aq humour
Muscles
Ciliary epithelium… Pigmented and non pigmented

21
Q

Structure of ciliary body

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A

Pars plicata - ant part of ciliary body containing ciliary processes
Pars plana- post part of ciliary body devoid of ciliary processes

22
Q

Ciliary muscle ns and action

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A

Parasympathetic nerve supply
Action is contraction of muscle and relaxation of suspensory ligament which causes the anterior posterior thickness of lens to be increased
Which increases power of lens helping in accomodation

23
Q

Func of ciliary body

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A

Produces aq humour from ciliary processe and maintain intra ocular pressure
Helps in eye accomodation for near vision
Produces hyaluronic acid for vitreous humour

24
Q

Intraocular muscles

Study These Flashcards
A

Sphincter pupillae- parasym ns- contraction causes miosis
Dilator pupillae - symp ns- contraction causes mydriasis
Ciliary muscle - parasympathetic ns- produces aq humor
And helps opin accomodation

25
Retina layers
Pigmented epithelium Photo receptors rods and cones External limiting membrane Outer nuclear layer Outer plexiform layer Inner nuclear layer Inner plexiform layer Ganglionic cell layer Nerve fiber layer Internal limiting membrane
26
Blood supply of retina
Outer 1/3 upto outer nuclear layer : choroid by diffusion Inner 2/3rd upto inner nuclear layer: central retinal artery Junction of outer 1/3rd and inner 2/3rd: both
27
Func of retina
Visual acuity Visual field Color of vision Visual pathway Papillary reflex Accomodation reflex
28
Structure of lens
Capsule: ant( less curved for easy accomodation) and posterior( more curved) Fiber: cortex and nucleus Epithelium
29
Func of lens
Acts as refractive media and converges to focus point on retina Gives power to eye +15 D Helps in accomodation of near vision
30
Adnexal structures
They are associated structures which are not a part of eyeball proper Eyelid and eyelashes eyebrow Extraocular muscles Conjunctiva Lacrimal apparatus (gland sac and ducts) Ciliary ganglion
31
Layers of eyelid
7 layers Skin Layer of Subcutaneous areolar tissue Layer of striated muscle-Orbicularis oculi muscle+ levator palpebrae superioris Sub muscular areolar tissue Fibrous layer - lower part: tarsal plate Upper part : orbital septum Layer of non striated muscle-Mullers muscle Conjunctiva
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These are
34
Meibomian gland
These are 25-30 glands present in tarsal plate of each eye. They are situated away from lid margin but their ducts come down vertically and open in lid margin. Their secretion comes down mixed with conjunctiva and cornea and make a thin filmy layer known as tear film. Helps in blinking of eye.
35
Glands of eyelid
Meibomian gland Gland of mall Gland of zeis Gland of kraus Gland of wolfring
36
Musvles of eyelid
Orbicularis oculi- facial nerve- closes the eye Levator palpebrae superioris- oculomotor nerve- elevates upper eyelid Muellers muscle- sympathetic nerve- elevates eyelid
37
Eyelashes
Upper eyelash.. 102- 150. Forward upward and backward Lower eyelash 50- 75 Forwards downwards and backwards
38
Extra ocular muscles
4 recti.. sup inf lateral medial 2 oblique sup and inf 1 levator palpebrae superioris Origin: from annulus tendinous ring near optic foramen Except superior oblique- from ant part of floor of orbit) Insertion: sclera Ns: all occulomotor(3) except LR from abducens(6) and SO from trochlear(4)
39
Action of extra ocular muscles
SR: elevation adduction intortion IR:depression adduction extortion LR: abduction MR: adduction SO:depression abduction intortion IO:elevation abduction extortion LPS: elevates upper eyelid
40
Conjunctiva
Translucent membrane which connects the eyeball with eyelid It starts from limbus covers the sclera/eyeball and reflects back and attaches to posterior surface of eyelid. Parts: bulbar conjunctiva Palpebral conjunctiva Fornix- upper lower medial lateral Layers: epithelium( non keratinized strat sq ep) Stroma( contains blood vessels, goblet cells , lymph node)
41
Ciliary ganglion
Parasympathetic ganglion associated with nerve supply of eyeball
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42
Orbit
It is 4 sided pyramidal in shape. A quadrilateral bony socket which contains eyeball and other structures.
43
Boundaries of orbit
Base: margin of orbit Apex: optic foramen Roof: ant: frontal bone Posteriorly: lesser wing of Sphenoid Floor: medial part: maxilla Lateral part: zygomatic bone Post part: horizontal part of palatine bone Medial wall: frontal process of maxilla ,ethmoid bone ,lacrimal bone ,body of sphenoid Lateral wall: ant part: zygomatic bone Post part: greater wing of sphenoid Bones involved: frontal , sphenoid, maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, lacrimal bone, ethmoid
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Contents of orbit
Eyeball Extra ocular muscles Nerves (23456) Lacrimal gland Ciliary ganglion Orbital fat Vessels like central artery of retina, opthalmic and lacrimal vessels, supra and infra trochlear vessels, supra and infra orbital vessels
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Eye (2 decks)

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