Anatomy of the Foot Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the parts of the equine hoof?
○ Hoof (epidermis) and underlying corium (dermis)
○ Skin between heel bulbs
○ Digital cushion
○ PIII and its cartilages
○ Distal PII
○ Navicular bone and burse
○ Coffin joint
○ Ligaments, tendons, vessels and nerves
Describe the coronet
on the surface of the hoof
Junction of skin and periopole
Coronary band is deeper region
Describe the periopole
on the surface of the hoof
Soft, white tissue
Connects hoof wall with coronary epithelium
Covers wall and bulbs of heel
Reduces water loss from hoof
Give wall smooth glossy appearance
Describe the hoof wall
Arises from coronary epithelium
Highly cornified epidermal structure
Lacks blood vessels and nerves
What are the regions of the hoof wall
○ Toes
§ Thickest
○ Medial and lateral quarters
○ Heels
§ Wall reflects inwards from bars
Describe how hoof growth works
○ Originates from coronary epidermis
○ 1/4 to 1/2 inch (~6 mm) per month
§ 9 months from coronary band to ground
§ Slows down in cold or dry weather
○ Tissue loss (friction or abrasive forces) occurs at ground surface
Describe the ground (solar) surface of the hoof
○ Wall
§ Angle of wall
§ Bar
○ Sole
○ White line = wall meets sole
○ Heel bulbs
○ Frog
§ Collateral and central grooves
§ Apex
§ Blends with heel bulbs
What is the difference in the hooves of the forelimbs and hindlimbs
○ Hind foot
§ Narrower
§ More pointed
Describe the laminae of the hoof
○ Insensitive (epidermal) laminae
§ Line inner surface of hoof wall
○ Sensitive (dermal) laminae
§ Cover coffin bone
○ Inter-digitation of insensitive and sensitive laminae
§ Suspend PIII parallel to hoof wall
Describe the digital cushion of the hoof
Overlies frog
Shock absorption
Wedge-shaped
Describe the collateral cartilages of the hoof
○ Medial and lateral cartilages connected to PIII
○ Provide shock absorption
○ Palpate dorsal rim
○ Can ossify with age
§ Sidebone
○ Can become infected
§ Quittor
Describe the foot neurovascular supply
○ Medial and lateral (palmar/plantar) digital aa.
○ Medial and lateral (palmar/plantar) digital nn.
What is the difference between bursa and a tendon sheath
bursa is used to help protect structures as they move/flex/extend over a certain time and a tendon sheath is protecting a tendon as it passes over a joint
What is tendonitis
inflammation of the tendon
What is tenosynovitis
is infection or inflammation of the tendon sheath
What is bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
what is desmitis
inflammation of a ligament
what is arthritis
inflammation of the joint itself
what is osteoarthritis
when a horse’s body is responding to the lack of cartilage and laying down more bone (worse than arthritis)
what is laminitis
inflammation of the lamina
what is interosseous
suspensory ligament
what is effusion
increased synovial fluid
Describe the parts of the hoof on paper
