Anatomy of the heart

Question 1

Where does deoxygenated and oxygenated blood pass through the heart?

Answer 1

Deoxygenated- passes through the right side of the heart

Oxygenated- passes through the left side

Question 2

What is another name for a red blood cell? and where does it begin its journey?

Answer 2

Erythrocyte

The right atrium

Question 3

Where does the erythrocyte first pass from into?

Answer 3

The erythrocyte passes from the right atrium through a valve into the right ventricle
Then into the lungs where the blood oxygenated

Question 4

Where does the oxygenated blood then pass into?

Answer 4

Into the left side of the heart, atrium then left ventricle where it then goes into the body and the tissues

Question 5

Through what does the oxygenated blood leave the heart?

Answer 5

Inititially in the aorta

Question 6

Arteries have reletively thick walls with three layers. State these 3 layers

Answer 6

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 7

Within the artery, what does the tunica intima consist of?

Answer 7

• Internal layer

- Endothelial and connective tissue layer

Question 8

Within the artery, what does the tunica media consist of?

Answer 8

• Middle layer
• Largely smooth muscle
• (Some arteries have high levels of elastin)

Question 9

Within the artery, what does the tunica adventitia consist of?

Answer 9

• Supporting connective tissue

- Larger arteries even have their own blood vessels in this layer

Question 10

How is elastin in arteries such as the aorta arranged?

Answer 10

Arranged in concentric lamellae

Question 11

What is the division of branches from arteries?

Answer 11

Arteries > Arterioles > Capillaries

Question 12

What happens to the blood when oxygen in delivered to organs and tissues?

Answer 12

Blood passes into venues, which come together to form veins

Question 13

What is th epurpose of valves in veins?

Answer 13

Prevents the backflow of blood

Question 14

Where is the heart located?

Answer 14

The mediastinum- an area within the thoracic cavity

Question 15

Other than the heart, what is also located in the central area of the mediastinum?

Answer 15

Great vessels

Question 16

How is the mediastinum divided into a superior and inferior mediastinum?

Answer 16

Separated by an imaginary horizontal plane running through the sternal angle anteriroly and the T4/5 intervertebral disc posterirorly

Question 17

What is the contents of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 17

• Great vessels
• Thymus
• Oesophagus
• Trachea

Question 18

What is the contents of the inferior anterior mediastinum?

Answer 18

• Thymus

- Vessels

Question 19

What is the contents of the inferior middle mediastinum?

Answer 19

• Heart

- Pericardium

Question 20

What is the contents of the inferior posterior mediastinum?

Answer 20

• Oesophagus
• Vessels
• Nerves

Question 21

What is the heart covered in?

Answer 21

A layer of fat

Three layers of mmebrane called the pericardium

Question 22

What are the three layers of pericardium called?

Answer 22

Fibrous
Serous Parietal
Serous Visceral

Question 23

What is the fibrous component of the pericardium

Answer 23

• Outer layer

- Tough, thick, fibrous

Question 24

What is the serous component of the pericardium?

Answer 24

• Thin

- Space between contains thin layer of pericardial fluid

Question 25

The muscles of the right atrium are thrown into ridges known as what?

Answer 25

Musculi pectinati

Question 26

What is the slight depression in the atrium known as?

Answer 26

Fossa ovalis

Question 27

What is the fossa ovals?

Answer 27

Embryological remnant of the foraman ovale (oval window) which shunted blood directly fro the right side of the heart to the left side during fetal life, bypassing the non-functional lungs

Question 28

What are the typical features of valves?

Answer 28

- Atrioventricular valve - Chordae tendineae - Papillary muscle - Trabeculae carneae

Question 29

What are the valves as a whole known as?

Answer 29

Semilunar valves

Question 30

What is the word for listening to the heart with a stethoscope?

Answer 30

Auscultation

Question 31

Where would you place the stethoscope for auscultation of the aortic valve, pulmonary valve, tricuspid valve and the mitral valve?

Answer 31

Aortic- Left of sternum Pulmonary- Right of sternum Tricuspid- Below pulmonary Mitral- Diagonally down rightfrom the tricuspid

Question 32

Name the arteries within the heart

Answer 32

``` Right and left coronary artery Circumflex artery Anterior interventricular artery Right marginal artery Posterior inter ventricular artery ```

Question 33

What are the veins called that drain the heart and where does it drain into?

Answer 33

Cardiac veins | Coronary sinus

Question 34

What are the veins that connect to the coronary sinus within the heart called?

Answer 34

Great cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein