Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy CP > Anatomy of the Heart > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the different surfaces of the heart?

A
  • Sternocostal
  • Diaphragmatic
  • Apex (points towards left hip)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the coronary sulcus?

A

Groove between two atria and ventricles

- Circumnavigates the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three grooves found on the heart?

A
  • Coronary sulcus
  • Anterior inter ventricular sulcus
  • Posterior inter ventricular sulcus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the anterior interventricular sulcus?

A
  • Groove between R+L ventricles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the posterior inter ventricular sulcus?

A
  • Groove between right and left ventricles posteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the names of the AV valves?

A
  • Right- tricuspid- 3 cusps

- Left- bicuspid- 2 cusps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the names of the semi-lunar valves?

A
  • Pulmonary trunk valve

- Aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the connective tissue skeleton/.

A
  • Protects the heart and maintains shape during contraction- increases collagen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the arrangement of vessels and valves in the heart

A
  • Pulmonary trunk is more anterior to aorta and heart

- Two cusp valves are posterior to the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the pressure of blood in the right ventricle

A
  • Low pressure

- High pressure would burst capillaries around alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A
  • Involuntary striated muscle
  • Pulls in one direction
  • Curved around the heart
  • Striated means linear contraction but circular wrapping allows constriction of the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three layers of muscle around the ventricles?

A
  • Outer spiralling longitudinal fibres
  • Inner spiralling longitudinal fibres
  • Middle circular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe outer spiralling longitudinal fibres

A
  • Arise from cardiac skeleton

- Run towards apex (also known as vortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe inner spiralling longitudinal fibres

A

Trabeculae carnae and papillary muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe middle circular fibres

A
  • Strong fibres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the openings of right atrium?

A
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Coronary sinus (drains supply to the heart)
  • Tricuspid valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A
  • Groove in heart muscle

- Define pectinate from smooth (separates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe pectinate muscles of right atria

A
  • Textured
  • Ridges of muscle on anterior wall of atria
  • Not found in ventricles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the smooth region of the right atrium found?

A
  • In posterior end of atrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is sinoatrial node found?

A
  • At the point where superior vena cava enter the right atrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the name of the valve between the coronary sinus and right atrium?

Study These Flashcards
A

Thebesian valve

22
Q

What is the name of the valve between the inferior vena cava to the right atrium?

Study These Flashcards
A

Eustachian valve

23
Q

What is an auricle?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Projection from atria (pouch)
  • Increased in pectinate muscles
  • Allow for extra filling of atrium and due to large pectinate muscles
  • Increased pressure entering
24
Q

Where is the tendon of todaro found?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Between Thebesian and Eustachian valve
25
What are the components of the right ventricle?
- Tricuspid valve - Papillary muscles - Chordae tendinae
26
What is the origin of the papillary muscles?
- From the wall of the right ventricle
27
What is chordae tendinae?
- Heart strings - Attached to papillary muscles - Anchor leaflet of tricuspid valves to the papillary muscles to prevent tricuspid folding back inwards
28
What are the trabeculae carnae?
- Wall of ventricles - More developed version of pectinate muscles - Increase efficiency efficiency of the pumping
29
Describe the left atrium
- 4 pulmonary veins - Also has fossa ovalis- in foetal stages the fossa ovalis was a hole between the right and left atrium - Bicuspid valve - Auricle- with pectinate muscles
30
Describe the components of the left ventricle
- Opening of aorta - Bicuspid valve (mitral) - Papillary muscles + chordae tendinae + trabecular carnae
31
Describe the mitral valve
- 2leaflets (anterior and posterior) | - Anterior is 1/3 of the hole, posterior 2/3
32
Briefly describe innervation of the heart
- Sympathetic - Parasympathetic - Both are carried as visceral fibres (pain)
33
Describe the vagus nerve
- Parasympathetic - Also joins cardiac plexus - Left and right - Right supplies SAN - Left supplies the AVN and sometimes purkinje fibres
34
Describe the sympathetic innervation of the heart
- Comes from L+R sympathetic chain - All over the heart - T1-T5- ventral rami--> connect with sympathetic trunk --> cardiac plexus --> over surface of heart
35
What does sympathetic innervation result in?
- Increase in contractility and strength of contractions and rate of contractions
36
Describe the superficial cardiac plexus
- Anterior surface under arch of aorta - Close to ligamentum arteriosum - Close to deep cardiac plexus (indistinguishable from pulmonary plexus)
37
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
- Ligament between aorta and pulmonary artery
38
What is referred pain?
- Visceral pain projected to other regions - E.g. visceral afferents from arm- ischaemic attack from blockage of coronary arteries and necrosis of muscles in the arm
39
What are the spinal levels for intercostal nerves?
- T3, 4, 5 - Sensory supply to the heart has the same dorsal roots - Therefore during heart attacks pain can be felt in a band across the chest (intercostal nerve) and in part of the upper limb as T1 extends into brachial plexus
40
Why might pain from a heart attack be felt more in the left arm than in the right?
- Heart is more to the left - 2/3 more - The brain cannot distinguish visceral pain location
41
What are the two sinuses found in the pericardium?
- Transverse pericardial sinus | - Oblique pericardial sinus
42
What is transverse pericardial sinus?
- Runs transversely are separates cardiac veins and arteries from everything else
43
What is oblique pericardial sinus?
- Folds around veins coming into the left atrium from the lung
44
What is the fluid in the pericardial cavity and what is its function?
- Serous fluid | - Lubricates layers between beats
45
What are the layers of the heart?
- Fibrous pericardium - Serous pericardium parietal layer - Serous pericardium visceral layer (or epicardium- usually cannot separate between two layers) - Cardiac muscle - Endocardium
46
What is a cardiac tamponade?
- Leakage of fluid between epicardium and parietal layer (into pericardial cavity) - Build up of pressure- fibrous pericardium is very thick so pressure directed inwardly
47
What is the consequence of the high pressure in a cardiac tamponade?
- Heart cannot expand/fill effectively - Less blood leaves heart - Less oxygen getting to tissues - Heart compensated by increasing rate of beats - Also a fall in bp, back up of blood in jugular veins- swelling - Loss of consciousness and sudden death
48
Where would you place the stethoscope for pulmonary valve sounds?
- 2nd intercostal space on left joins sternum
49
Where would you place the stethoscope for mitral valve sounds?
- Apex beat 3/4 cm to the left of the diploid process in 5th intercostal space
50
Where you place the stethoscope for tricuspid valve sounds?
- Where 5th rib makes contact with sternum
51
Where do you place the stethoscope for aortic valve sounds?
- where 2nd intercostal space on right joins sternum

Anatomy CP (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions