Anatomy of the Heart and Coronary Circulation Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is the mediastinum
The space between the pleural cavities , occupying the centre of the thoracic cavity
What is the pericardium
Fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels
What are the 2 parts of the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
What is the fibrous pericardium
Tough connective tissue outer layer
What are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium
Parietal and visceral
Where are the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium
Parietal - Lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
Visceral - adheres to the heart and forms the outer covering
Where does the pericardial cavity lie and what does it contain
between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium filled with the pericardial fluid
What are the roles of the pericardial fluid
- Acts as a shock absorber by reducing friction between the pericardial membranes
- Keeps the heart contained in the chest cavity
- Prevents the heart from over expanding when blood volume increases
- Limits heart motion
What do the partitions that divide the heart into four chambers generate on the surface of the heart
Grooves/Sulci
What are the sulci found on the heart
Coronary sulcus
Anterior and posterior Interventricular sulci
Describe the coronary sulcus
Circles the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles
Describe the inter ventricular sulci
Separates the two ventricles
What valves are found between the right atrium and right ventricle
The atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve
Where does the right atrium receive blood from
Superior and inferior vena cava (from the body) and the coronary sinus (from walls of the heart itself)
What is the triscupid valve attached to
The papillary muscles of the ventricular wall by the chordae tendinae (heart strings)
What is the role of chordae tendinae
Helps to stabilise the valve and prevent back flow
What valve is found between the left atrium and ventricle
The mitral (bicuspid) valve
What does the right atrium receive blood from
4 pulmonary veins
What is the valve between the left ventricle and aorta
Aortic valve
Where are semi lunar valves found
Between the ventricles and arteries
Are aortic valves usually tricuspid or bicuspid
Tricuspid
What can occur if the aortic valve is bicuspid
Usually no symptoms but middle age may result in it becoming stiff and thick causing aortic stenosis
How is the “lub” (S1) sound caused
The turbulence caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of systole
How is the “dub” (S2) sound caused
Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves marking the end of systole