Anatomy of the kidney Flashcards
(46 cards)
Kidneys start and end retroperitoneally, which means that they form behind the ________________.
Peritoneal sac
Upper limb muscle posterior to the kidney, connected to the thoracolumbar aponeurosis
Latissimus dorsi
Stomach, spleen, and liver are all surrounded by
peritoneal sac
Deepest abdominal muscle beneath internal oblique. Extensive origin from the posterior side of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis
transversus abdominis
Large muscle forming a good deal of the posterior abdominal wall and extending from the iliac crest to the 12th rib. The kidney sits on this muscle.
quadratus lumborum
Which kidney is usually lower?
Right (due to liver)
Extension of outer covering of renal vessels
Renal fascia
A layer of renal fascia slips in between the kidney and the
adrenal gland
The kidneys develop in the pelvis and ultimately ___________
ascend
Main arteries to the kidney come off of the
aorta
The arteries then divide into anterior and posterior branches with ________ segmental branches.
3-5
Renal artery is longer on which side?
Renal vein is longer on which side?
Right; left
All vessels leaving the kidney and the ureter leave via this structure
the hilum
Fat filled cavity in the center of the kidney where arteries begin branching
renal sinus
The left renal vein is located posterior to the _______ and crosses the aorta to get to the _____.
superior mesenteric artery; IVC
The left vein also drains blood from the ________ and has a connection to the ____________.
Left gonadal vein; azygos system
The right renal vein goes straight into the
IVC
3 narrowings of ureter
- where the ureter leaves the pelvis of the kidney
- where the ureter passes out of the abdominal cavity and courses over the pelvic brim
- where the ureter enters the bladder at an oblique angle
Ureter has at least 3 blood supplies
renal, gonadal, vesicular arteries
- aorta
- renal artery
- small vessels off of artery to the bladder
Sympathetics to the kidneys come from the _________ and synapse in the __________ and on ganglia near the renal artery. There are also contributions from the first lumbar splanchnic nerve.
lesser (T10-11) and least (T12) thoracic splanchnics
aortico-renal ganglion
Pain referring from the kidneys and upper ureters can refer to dermatomes from _______. The location of referred pain form a kidney stone can descend as the stone passes lower in the system.
T10-L2.
Adrenal gland has a rich blood supply
Superior suprarenal off inferior phrenic Middle suprarenal directly off the aorta Inferior suprarenal off the renal Single vein Goes to the IVC on the right To the renal vein on the left
Adrenal gland receives __________ sympathetic fibers
preganglionic
The renal arteries come off of the aorta near the superior mesenteric artery and divide into anterior and posterior segmental branches as they reach the __________.
Hilum
