Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 2 LCRS > Anatomy of the Limbs 2 - Shoulder and Arm > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Limbs 2 - Shoulder and Arm Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define the muscular compartments of the shoulder and arm

A

Shoulder

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Intrinsic

Arm

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the posterior pectoral muscles

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the intrinsic shoulder muscles

A
  • Deltoid
  • Rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)
  • Teres major
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the anterior pectoral muscles

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Subclavis
  • Serratus anterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm

A
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Brachialis
  • Biceps brachii
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm

A
  • Triceps

- Anconeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the bones of the arm and shoulder

A
  • Humerus
  • Scapula
  • Clavicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the anterior and posterior compartment of the arm separated?

A
  • By the humerus

- By medial and lateral intermuscular septa (attaches to the sides of the humerus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main action of muscles in the arm?

A

Move the forearm at the elbow joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the motor nerves of the arm (upper and lower)

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Median nerve
  • Radial nerve
  • Ulnar nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • Motor to all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm
  • Sensory to skin on the anterolateral side of the forearm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the median nerve?

A
  • Motor to most flexors in the forearm
  • Motor to thenar muscles in the hand
  • Sensory to the palmar surface of the lateral three and one-half digits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the radial nerve?

A
  • Motor to all muscles in posterior compartment of arm (triceps and anconeus) and forearm
  • Sensory to skin on the posterior surface of the forearm and the dorsolateral surface of the hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the ulnar nerve?

A

Motor to:

  • Intrinsic muscles in the hand
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus in forearm

Sensory to
- Medial one and one-half digits of the finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve supplies the flexor component of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6,7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the general attachments of the flexor compartment of the arm?

A
  • Arise from scapula or flexor surface of humerus

- Attach to flexor surface of proximal forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which muscle is the most powerful supinator of the forearm?

A
  • Biceps

- Due to attachment to the radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the joints in the arm and shoulder region

A
  • Sternoclavicular
  • Acromio-clavicular
  • Gleno-humeral
  • Scapulo-thoracic
  • Elbow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which joints are involved in the pectoral girdle?

A
  • Sterno-clavicular
  • Acromio-clavicular
  • Gleno-humaral
  • Scapulo-thoracic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List the qualities of the sterno-clavicular joint and the possible injuries

A
  • Synovial joint, composed of two portions separated by a fibrocartilage articular disc
  • Strong due to the sternoclavicular ligaments
  • Injury results in sternoclavicular subluxation and dislocation
  • Only connection of the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List the clinically important ligaments stabilising the ACJ

A
  • Acromio-clavicular
  • Coraco-clavicular (coracoid process of the scapula to the clavicle)
  • Coraco-acromial ligament (often a cause of impingement of the gleno-humeral joint)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is the ACJ frequently injured?

A
  • Falls onto the outstretched hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of joint is the gleno-humeral joint? List its qualities.

A
  • Synovial ball and socket
  • Great mobility, low stability
  • Stability comes from the muscles, ligaments and capsular attachments around it. The head stays in its socket due to rotator cuff muscles (depress the humeral head)
  • Glenoid cavity is deepened by the glenoid labrum (rim of cartilage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
List the extensions of the capsule of the shoulder joint
- Glenoid to the humeral head - Subacromial bursa (form a bursa between the humeral head and the overlying acromial process) - An extension around the long head of biceps as it lies within the inter-tubercular grove of the humerus
26
What is the coracoacromial arch?
- Above the gleno-humaral joint - Acromion, coracoid process and coraco-acromial ligament - Prevents the humerus rising superiorly
27
List the movements of the gleno-humeral joint and the muscles that perform them
Flexion - Clavicular head of pectoralis major - Anterior fibres of deltoid - Coracobrachialis - Biceps Extension - latissimus dorsi Abduction - Supraspinatus (first 15 degrees) - Central fibres of deltoid (after 15 degrees) Adduction - Pectoralis major - Latissimus dorsi Internal rotation - Subscapularis External rotation - Infraspinatus - Teres minor
28
What is the scapulothoracic joint?
- The scapulo-thoracic ‘joint’ is essentially a theoretical concept, but represents the ‘articulation’ between the scapula and the chest wall. - Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction and rotation of the scapula
29
What are the movements of the sacupulo-thoracic joint?
- Elevation and depression of the scapula - Protraction of the scapula i.e. forward and lateral movement of the scapula against the chest wall - Retraction of the scapula i.e. backward and medial movement of the scapula against the chest wall - Rotation of the scapula.
30
List the arteries of the shoulder and arm
- Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery as it passes over the first rib - Axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of teres major - Axillary artery divided into 3 parts according to its relation with the pectoralis major muscle (superior, deep and inferior) - Brachial artery is the main artery, dividing to form the radial and ulnar arteries
31
Describe the venous drainage of the arm and scapula
- Cephalic vein is lateral, basilic vein is medial - Axillary vein formed by the basilic vein joining the venae comitantes of the brachial artery - Axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein at the level of the 1st rib
32
Describe the lymphatics of the arm and scapula
- Ultimately there is drainage to axillary lymph nodes - Cubital, delto-pectoral, axillary, subclavian - Drain into the subclavian lymphatic trunk, and ultimately the right lymphatic trunk (right side) and thoracic duct (left side)
33
List the important nerves of the pectoral and arm region
- Long thoracic - Suprascapular - Medial and lateral pectoral - Thoracodorsal - Axillary - Musculocutaneous (C5,6,7) - Ulnar (C8 T1) - Median (C6,7,8 T1) - Radial (C5,6,7,8 T1)
34
Which muscles are supplied by the axillary nerve?
- Deltoid | - Teres minor
35
Which muscles are supplied by the thoracodorsal nerve?
Latissimus dorsi
36
Which muscles are supplied by the long thoracic nerve?
Serratus anterior
37
Which muscles are supplied by the lateral and medial pectoral nerves?
Pectoralis major and minor
38
List the proximal attachments of the pectoralis major
Medial 1/3rd of clavicle, sternum and costal cartilages
39
What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis major?
Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus
40
List the functions of the pectoralis major
- Adducts and medially rotates the humerus | - Lesser actions on the scapula
41
What is the function of the subclavius muscle?
Anchors the clavicle
42
Where are the attachments of the serratus anterior muscle?
From medial border of scapula to anterior attachments on the ribs (usually 1-9)
43
List the functions of the latissimus dorsi
- Extends, adducts and rotates the humerus - Pulls the body up to the arms during climbing. - Also important in rowing.
44
Which muscles are supplied by the dorsal scapular nevre?
- Rhomboids | - Levator scapulae
45
List the functions of the rhomboid muscle
- Retracts, rotates and fixes the scapula
46
List the functions of the levator scapulae
Elevates and rotates the scapula
47
What is the function of the deltoid?
Abducts the arm, supraspinatus is important in initiating the first 15 degrees
48
What is the function of the teres major?
Adducts and medially rotates the arm
49
Which neck of the humerus is more commonly damaged?
Surgical neck
50
What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity?
The proximal attachment of the deltoid muscle to the humerus
51
List the attachments of the pectoralis minor
- Proximal attachemtn to the coracoid process | - Distal attachments to ribs 2-4
52
What is the function of the pectoralis minor?
Pulls the scapula forwards and down
53
List the attachments of the subclavis
- Distal clavicle | - Proximal 1st rib
54
List the attachments of the trapezius
- Nuchal ligament (descending), cervical and thoracic vertebrae (middle and ascending) - Spine of the scapula - Acromion and clavicle
55
List the attachments of the latissimus dorsi
- Proximally thoracolumbar fascia (down to sacrum and up to T8) - Distally forms a strap like muscle that attaches to the floor of the intertubercular groove
56
List the attachments of the rhomboids
- Spinous processes of lower part of the neck and thoracic vertebrae - Attaches to medial border of scapula
57
List the attachments of the levator scapulae
- Superior angle of scapula | - Transverse processes of C1-4
58
List the attachments of the deltoid muscle
- Acromion - Lateral border of clavicle - Spine of scapula - Deltoid tuberosity
59
List the attachments of the teres major muscle
- Inferior angle of scapula | - Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
60
List the attachments of the biceps brachii muscle
- Two heads (lateral long head and medial short head) - Short head proximal attachment to coracoid process - Long head crosses over the shoulder joint to attach to the superior part of the rim of the glenoid fossa (supraglenoid tubercle) - Heads merge to form distal attachments (tendon attaches to the radial tuberosity, and forms biceps aponeurosis)
61
List the attachments of the coracobrachialis
- Coracoid process | - Shaft of humerus
62
List the attachments of the brachialis muscle
- Middle part of shaft of humerus | - Attaches to coronoid process of the ulnar bone
63
List the attachments of the triceps
- Lateral head and medial head attached to posterior shaft of humerus - Long head attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula - Distally form triceps tendon, which attaches to olecranon process of ulna
64
List the attachments of the anconeus
- Olecranon process of the ulna | - Posterior ulna
65
What is the importance of the axilla?
- Gateway for nerves and blood vessels to enter and leave the upper limb - Pyramid shaped - Arteries, veins, lymphatics, nerves contained
66
List the functions of the rotator cuff muscles
- Supraspinatus muscle abducts the arm - Infraspinatus muscle externally roatates the arm - Subscapularis medially rotates the arm and adducts it - All muscles stabilise the shoulder joint
67
What does "Lady between two majors" mean?
- Latissisimus dorsi muscle attaches to the intertubercular sulcus between the pectoralis major and teres major - Pec major attaches to the lateral lip - Teres major attaches to the medial lip
68
List the attachments of the rotator cuff muscles
Attach around the head of the humerus, and proximally to the scapula - Teres minor is most lateral - Infraspinatus - Supraspinatus greater tubercle of humerus - Subscapularis lesser tubercle of humerus
69
How is the sternocleidomastoid muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?
- Turn the head right or left against resistance | - Accessory nerve
70
How is the trapezius muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?
- Shrug shoulders against resistance | - Accessory nerve
71
How is the pectoralis major muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?
- Adduct abducted arm against resistance | - Lateral nad medial pectoral nerves
72
How is the serratus anterior muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?
- Press strongly against the wall with arms outstretched | - Long thoracic nerve
73
How is the teres major muscle tested? Which nerve does this test
- Adduct the arm against resistance. Palpate the muscle in the posterior axillary fold - Lower subscapular nerve
74
How is the latissimus dorsi muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?
- Abduct arm to 90 degrees, then adduct against resistance. See and palpate the muscle in the axillary fold - Thoracodorsal nerve
75
How is the deltoid muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?
- Abduct the upper arm against resistance | - Axillary nerve

Year 2 LCRS (128 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions